Sustainable chitosan hydrogen derived platinum/N-doped carbon aerogel for efficient oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions

The Role of Nitrogen Doping in Modulating Ruthenium Nanocatalysts for Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium

“…The natural occurrence of nitrogen in chitin coupled with its abundance renders it as an economical and sustainable feedstock for the synthesis of various chemicals and materials . Chitin or chitosan can be carbonized to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon materials, which have been employed as catalysts and catalyst supports in various organic transformations − and electrochemical applications. − The amino groups, along with the hydroxyl groups in chitosan, serve as excellent chelating ligands capable of coordinating with transition metal ions. , Consequently, they are utilized in various applications, including the adsorption of heavy metal atoms , and the synthesis of metal-containing catalysts for chemical conversions. , Additionally, the biological properties of metal–chitosan complexes, such as antibacterial activity, were studied . Despite chitin or chitosan inherently containing 7% biologically fixed nitrogen in their structure, many studies, particularly in electrochemical applications, employ additional nitrogen-containing chemicals to enhance the support’s conductivity and catalytic activity. − In order to tune the porosity of the carbon material, templates are often utilized during synthesis. − The use of additional reagents and templates in catalyst synthesis can make the process expensive and tedious.…”