Sustainable Cannabis Nutrition: Elevated root-zone phosphorus significantly increases leachate P and does not improve yield or quality

Westmoreland, F. Mitchell; Bugbee, Bruce

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1015652

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In the experiment from Westmoreland and Bugbee (2022) , there was no significant effect of P concentration in inflorescence yield or cannabinoid concentration, but significant differences in leachate P increasing 12-fold in response to the 3-fold increase in P fertilizer rate (25 to 75 mg P L −1 ). The authors suggested an optimum P supply of 25 mg P L −1 for continuous mineral fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, promoting nutrient stress during flowering to enhance P re-mobilization and translocation seems to be a suitable strategy to increase P use efficiency and avoid excessive P fertilization. This is currently a relevant issue to decrease the environmental impact of medicinal cannabis cultivation ( Westmoreland and Bugbee, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…continuous fertigation with leaching ( Saloner et al., 2019 ; Saloner and Bernstein, 2021 ; Westmoreland and Bugbee, 2022 ) or the controlled fertilizer application in our study. Fertilizer demand can also be genotype-specific and different ranges of optimum nutrient concentrations have been reported for THC- ( Bernstein et al., 2019 ; Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021b ) and CBD-rich ( Westmoreland and Bugbee, 2022 ) genotypes. In addition, few studies report the exact amount of nutrients applied and nutrient use efficiency indices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis Hunger Games: nutrient stress induction in flowering stage – impact of organic and mineral fertilizer levels on biomass, cannabidiol (CBD) yield and nutrient use efficiency

Massuela,

Munz,

Hartung

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Indoor medicinal cannabis cultivation systems enable year-round cultivation and better control of growing factors, however, such systems are energy and resource intensive. Nutrient deprivation during flowering can trigger nutrient translocation and modulate the production of cannabinoids, which might increase agronomic nutrient use efficiency, and thus, a more sustainable use of fertilizers. This experiment compares two fertilizer types (mineral and organic) applied in three dilutions (80, 160 and 240 mg N L−1) to evaluate the effect of nutrient deprivation during flowering on biomass, Cannabidiol (CBD) yield and nutrient use efficiency of N, P and K. This is the first study showing the potential to reduce fertilizer input while maintaining CBD yield of medicinal cannabis. Under nutrient stress, inflorescence yield was significantly lower at the final harvest, however, this was compensated by a higher CBD concentration, resulting in 95% of CBD yield using one-third less fertilizer. The higher nutrient use efficiency of N, P, and K in nutrient-deprived plants was achieved by a larger mobilization and translocation of nutrients increasing the utilization efficiency of acquired nutrients. The agronomic nutrient use efficiency of CBD yield – for N and K – increased 34% for the organic fertilizers and 72% for the mineral fertilizers comparing the dilution with one-third less nutrients (160) with the highest nutrient concentration (240). Differences in CBD yield between fertilizer types occurred only at the final harvest indicating limitations in nutrient uptake due to nutrient forms in the organic fertilizer. Our results showed a lower acquisition and utilization efficiency for the organic fertilizer, proposing the necessity to improve either the timing of bio-availability of organic fertilizers or the use of soil amendments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis Hunger Games: nutrient stress induction in flowering stage – impact of organic and mineral fertilizer levels on biomass, cannabidiol (CBD) yield and nutrient use efficiency

Massuela,

Munz,

Hartung

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Taken together, the findings suggest 35–70 mg L −1 Mg as the optimal concentration range for cannabis plant development and function. These results add understanding concerning effects of the macronutrient Mg, to the information available about effects of the three macronutrients N, P, and K on medical cannabis plants at the vegetative growth phase [ 8 , 13 , 14 ], and the reproductive growth phase [ 7 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Response of Medical Cannabis to Magnesium (Mg) Supply at the Vegetative Growth Phase

Morad,

Bernstein

2023

Plants

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Recent studies demonstrated a significant impact of some major macronutrients on function and production of medical cannabis plants, yet information on the effect of most nutrients, including Mg, is scarce. Magnesium is required for major physiological functions and metabolic processes in plants, and in the present study we studied the effects of five Mg treatments (2, 20, 35, 70, and 140 mg L−1 Mg), on plant development and function, and distribution of minerals in drug-type (medical) cannabis plants, at the vegetative growth phase. The plants were cultivated in pots under controlled environment conditions. The results demonstrate that plant development is optimal under Mg supply of 35–70 mg L−1 (ppm), and impaired under lower Mg input of 2–20 mg L−1. Two mg L−1 Mg resulted in visual deficiency symptoms, shorter plants, reduced photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigments and stomatal conduction in young-mature leaves, and a 28% reduction of total plant biomass compared to the optimal supply of 35 mg L−1 Mg. The highest supply level of 140 mg L−1 Mg induced a small decrease in physiological function, which did not affect morphological development and biomass accumulation. The low-deficient Mg supply of 2 mg L−1 Mg stimulated Mg uptake and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn in the plant. Increased Mg supply impaired uptake of Ca and K and their root-to-shoot translocation, demonstrating competitive cation inhibition. Mg-deficiency symptoms developed first in old leaves (at 2 mg L−1 Mg) and progressed towards young-mature leaves, demonstrating ability for Mg in-planta storage and remobilization. Mg toxicity symptoms appeared in old leaves from the bottom of the plants, under 140 mg L−1 Mg. Taken together, the findings suggest 35–70 mg L−1 Mg as the optimal concentration range for cannabis plant development and function at the vegetative growth phase.

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A non-destructive method to quantify the nutritional status of Cannabis sativa L. using in situ hyperspectral imaging in combination with chemometrics

Schober,

Präger,

Graeff-Hönninger

2024

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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Sustainable Cannabis Nutrition: Elevated root-zone phosphorus significantly increases leachate P and does not improve yield or quality

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Cannabis Hunger Games: nutrient stress induction in flowering stage – impact of organic and mineral fertilizer levels on biomass, cannabidiol (CBD) yield and nutrient use efficiency

Cannabis Hunger Games: nutrient stress induction in flowering stage – impact of organic and mineral fertilizer levels on biomass, cannabidiol (CBD) yield and nutrient use efficiency

Response of Medical Cannabis to Magnesium (Mg) Supply at the Vegetative Growth Phase

A non-destructive method to quantify the nutritional status of Cannabis sativa L. using in situ hyperspectral imaging in combination with chemometrics

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