Sustainable bioactivity enhancement of ZnO–Ag nanoparticles in antimicrobial, antibiofilm, lung cancer, and photocatalytic applications

Abstract

Green synthesized ZnO and ZnO–Ag NPs using a plant extract. SEM image validate the final product. Characterized by FTIR, XRD, zeta, XPS, etc. Following this, their anticancer, antibacterial, and photocatalytic potentials are evaluated.

Tuning Biocompatibility and Bactericidal Efficacy as a Function of Doping of Gold in ZnO Nanocrystals

“…It is already established that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are toxic to Drosophila and can induce the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and genotoxicity. − The high generation of ROS may be the cause of both the delay in postembryonic development and the high larval lethality after exposure to ZnO and ZnO:0.5Au [51,53,54]. ZnO NPs cause toxicity because they induce the generation of excess ROS and disrupt the flow of Ca 2+ , leading to cellular distress, which consequently induces a series of cellular damage, such as changes in Nrf2 signaling pathways, reduction of antioxidant proteins such as glutathione (GSH), redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in the end lead to cell death. , …”

“…63−66 The high generation of ROS may be the cause of both the delay in postembryonic development and the high larval lethality after exposure to ZnO and ZnO:0.5Au [51,53,54]. ZnO NPs cause toxicity because they induce the generation of excess ROS and disrupt the flow of Ca 2+ , leading to cellular distress, which consequently induces a series of cellular damage, such as changes in Nrf2 signaling pathways, reduction of antioxidant proteins such as glutathione (GSH), 58 redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in the end lead to cell death. 17,54 We suggest that possible mitochondrial dysfunctions and reduced levels of GSH synthesis are the causes of the alterations in larval development found in this study.…”

“…ZnO NPs, obtained through different chemical and green synthesis routes, have been widely applied in antimicrobial perspectives, showing promising performance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although limitations regarding their spectrum of action have been observed. − In this context, the combination with other metallic nanoparticles, such as ZnO/AgNPs and Co–ZnO NPs, has been a strategy used to enhance the antimicrobial effect of the nanoproduct. , Although this study did not directly compare nanoproducts obtained from the incorporation of other metallic nanoparticles, recent studies present results similar to ours, reporting an improvement in antimicrobial activity with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, there is evidence that the incorporation of Au NPs exhibits better antimicrobial performance compared to the Ag/ZnO NP combination. , Doping of ZnO with metallic nanoparticles such as Ag has also been shown to be effective in controlling resistant bacteria. , Furthermore, they have shown efficacy in controlling parasites such as tegumentary Leishmaniasis. , …”

“…Furthermore, there is evidence that the incorporation of Au NPs exhibits better antimicrobial performance compared to the Ag/ZnO NP combination. 58 , 59 Doping of ZnO with metallic nanoparticles such as Ag has also been shown to be effective in controlling resistant bacteria. 58 , 60 Furthermore, they have shown efficacy in controlling parasites such as tegumentary Leishmaniasis.…”

“… 58 , 59 Doping of ZnO with metallic nanoparticles such as Ag has also been shown to be effective in controlling resistant bacteria. 58 , 60 Furthermore, they have shown efficacy in controlling parasites such as tegumentary Leishmaniasis. 61 , 62 …”