Sustainable aquaculture in Canada: Lost in translation

Milewski, Inka; Smith, Ruth E.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103571

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It has been noted that in British Columbia, as well as in Scotland and Norway, while the aquaculture industry saw significant growth throughout the early twenty-first century, this was accompanied by decreases in employment (Marshall 2001). Similar findings have been documented in Maine (Harvey and Milewski 2007), and Nova Scotia (Milewski and Smith 2019). Thus, while the aquaculture industry's role, identified by the Canadian Council of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministers, is "[t]o continue to advance responsible and sustainable development and bring employment and prosperity to rural and coastal communities" (CCFAM 2010, 7), it is not bound to fill local jobs with the current workforce.…”

Section: Vignette 3 the Attempt To Realign Season To Linear Movement supporting

confidence: 57%

The rhythm of making cheaps: a case study of rhythmanalysis and qualitative labour shortages in Canadian fisheries

Knott

2020

Applied Mobilities

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This paper explores how an intersectional rhythmanalysis approach that includes attention to animals, ecosystems and corporate capital investment strategies can provide crucial insight into reported labour shortages. This paper unpacks the systemic relations of difference and power among mobile workers by highlighting the reorganization of temporal rhythms of work and life, but also animals and environments, that work to create or reproduce immobility and enclosure. Drawing on interview data and document analysis related to the seafood processing sector, the paper argues that the construction of qualitative labour shortages is tied to racialized, gendered and classed workers who are migrant or mobile. Critically, this includes new rhythms of capital accumulation, and related arrhythmias in the work/home lives of local and interprovincial migrant Canadian workers, through changes to schedules and seasonal contracts. These rhythmic changes make employment in these plants less desirable or feasible for these workers and support employers' claims of labour shortages.

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Section: Vignette 3 the Attempt To Realign Season To Linear Movement supporting

confidence: 57%

The rhythm of making cheaps: a case study of rhythmanalysis and qualitative labour shortages in Canadian fisheries

Knott

2020

Applied Mobilities

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“…In this way, the discursive elements of frontier assemblages may be directed at both capital and local groups (Li, 2014b). The promise of aquaculture resource development has been an important theme in the academic literature on Canadian aquaculture (Marshall, 2003; Milewski & Smith, 2019; Volpe & Shaw, 2007) and is a key theme in government publications and in national and regional aquaculture association reports on the industry (CAIA, 2017; Manning & Hubley, 2015; Newfoundland and Labrador, 2017; Nova Scotia, 2015). In this section, we briefly review these studies before considering in more detail the results of our own field research in Newfoundland on the promise of the aquaculture resource frontier.…”

Section: Salmon Aquaculture In Canada's Ocean Frontiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Brunswick, similar results of increased production alongside decreased number of jobs and wages have also been reported (Knott, 2016; Marshall, 2003), despite the promises made and the continued reporting by government and industry of the benefits of aquaculture to rural communities in these provinces. Milewski and Smith (2019) cite data from Nova Scotia where employment numbers have remained static since the mid‐1990s in spite of a 10‐fold increase in the volume of production. In NL, in the mid‐1990s, the government predicted an increase in employment in aquaculture to 1500 direct jobs associated with projected increases in sale volumes to CAD$60 million (Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016).…”

Section: Salmon Aquaculture In Canada's Ocean Frontiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for this is that large and vertically integrated aquaculture companies have concentrated feed and value added processing facilities in specific locations across Atlantic Canada. As Milewski and Smith (2019, p. 3) argue, this means that ‘very few communities have hatcheries, processing facilities, corporate administration offices, and net or feed manufacturing operations in addition to grow‐out operation’. The uneven distribution of economic benefits associated with salmon aquaculture production has been a key theme of research in countries like Scotland where the concern has been that the economic benefits are centralized, but the ecological costs are borne by remote coastal regions (O'Higgins et al, 2019).…”

Section: Salmon Aquaculture In Canada's Ocean Frontiermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean frontier assemblages: Critical insights from Canada's industrial salmon sector

Knott

Mather

2021

Journal of Agrarian Change

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The ocean frontier has become central to a range of new and emerging strategies aimed at realizing the potential of the ocean economy. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the configuration of the ocean as a frontier and its role in transforming marine spaces through the case of salmon aquaculture in Canada. To this end, we engage with ‘frontier assemblage’, an analytic that is developed from scholarship on agrarian and extractive resource frontiers in Asia. We use this approach to identify and extend three interrelated conceptual sensibilities. First, we use ‘frontierization’ to suggest that ocean frontier spaces are not only articulated at leading edges. Instead, frontierization happens at indeterminate sites, including those that have undergone earlier rounds of capitalist resource extraction. Second, we explore how ocean frontier resource extraction is assembled in ways that are indeterminate, but not radically open. Using the case of salmon aquaculture in Newfoundland, we show how resource extraction could have been ‘otherwise’. Third, we critically assess the promissory politics that are key to the ocean frontier. We argue that the frontier assemblage analytic—and the sensibilities we use—provides an approach to critically assess strategies aimed at realizing the ‘untapped’ resources of the ocean frontier.

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“…For doing trade-offs between different sustainability aspects, it could help if data on the different effects of aquaculture were comparable (Zheng et al, 2009), like economic data (Knowler, 2008), but such data seems to be largely missing (Mikkelsen et al, 2020). Some indicators are used directly in the authorities' management of aquaculture, for example in in Norway (Osmundsen et al, 2020b, NFD, 2015, but there is also clear criticism of authorities in some countries being too slow to incorporate indicators in management (Milewski and Smith, 2019). The relative fuzziness of the sustainability term has also led to what some authors call a power struggle between authorities and industry actors over how it should be interpreted and have operational consequences (Aarset et al, 2020).…”

Section: Aquaculture and Sustainability Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making a Web-Portal With Aquaculture Sustainability Indicators for the General Public

Mikkelsen

Myhre

Robertsen

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The sustainability of aquaculture is a complex issue that can be hard to assess and communicate. Communicating it to the general public is in many ways an even bigger challenge than communicating to experts on sustainability or aquaculture. The general public's perception of the status and challenges for sustainability is important for the development of the aquaculture industry and for society at large, through its roles both as consumers and electorate, and generally in providing or denying a “social license to operate” for the industry. This paper presents the process and challenges involved in choosing and quality assuring sustainability indicators for Norwegian aquaculture, covering environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It involved a team of researchers, a quality assurance group, IT developers and designers, a literature review, a national survey, and user-testing, all to establish criteria for selecting data and indicators and how to present them, and to do the actual production. The endpoint is a web-portal with indicators currently covering 22 themes, aimed at anyone interested in the sustainability of Norwegian fish farming. The portal does not conclude if or to what degree Norwegian fish farming is sustainable, as that would require making valuation and trade-offs among different sustainability objectives. Many indicators are automatically updated, and data are only from publicly available sources and produced by the authorities or research institutions. The portal is under continuous development, with new themes and indicators, and improving spatial and temporal resolution.

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Sustainable aquaculture in Canada: Lost in translation

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

The rhythm of making cheaps: a case study of rhythmanalysis and qualitative labour shortages in Canadian fisheries

The rhythm of making cheaps: a case study of rhythmanalysis and qualitative labour shortages in Canadian fisheries

Ocean frontier assemblages: Critical insights from Canada's industrial salmon sector

Making a Web-Portal With Aquaculture Sustainability Indicators for the General Public

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