Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality

Chirinda, Ngonidzashe; Arenas, Laura; Katto, María Cristina; Loaiza, Sandra; Corrêa, Fernando Santos; Isthitani, Manabu; Loboguerrero, Ana María; Barón, Deissy Martínez; Graterol, Eduardo; Jaramillo, Santiago; Torres, Carlos Felipe; Arango, Miguel; Guzmán, Myriam; Avila, Ivan; Hube, Sara; Kurtz, Ditmar Bernardo; Zorrilla, Gonzalo; Terra, José A.; Irisarri, Pilar; Tarlera, Silvana; LaHue, Gabriel T.; Scivittaro, W. B.; Noguera, Aldo Sergio; Bayer, Cimélio

doi:10.3390/su10030671

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…On the other hand, the fact that soil CH 4 peaks were higher in Japan than in Brazil probably resulted from the higher content in organic C of soil in the former (Table 1) since organic matter is known to be an effective substrate for methanogenic microorganisms (Minamikawa et al 2006). The differences may also have arisen partly from differences in root exudation among rice varieties (Chirinda et al 2017), but this is merely a speculative assumption that requires confirmation.…”

Section: Soil Ch 4 Fluxes and Seasonal Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avoiding the yield penalties associated with intermittent irrigation requires better awareness of good water scheduling approaches and also exploring new irrigation techniques with more easily controlled timing of drying. More importantly, promoting the adoption of intermittent irrigation requires developing effective policies to create an enabling environment and infrastructure for water delivery and control by farmers (Chirinda et al 2017).…”

Section: Pgwp Rice Yield and Ypgwpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partly because of advanced research, the most widely used water management practices in labor-intensive rice transplanting programs in Japan are MD and intermittent irrigation (Minamikawa et al 2006). In contrast, mechanized direct seeding rice in Brazil and LAC region is produced mainly under continuous flooding (CF) because of the uncertainty in the timing and span of water-saving regimes as regards to rice yields (Chirinda et al 2017). Therefore, Asian farmers are currently exploiting the whole potential of effective water management practices for decreasing CH 4 emissions, whereas Brazilian farmers are still to explore the ability of these practices to increase rice production and food security without increasing GHG emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercontinental comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice fields under feasible water management practices: Brazil and Japan

Camargo

Pedroso

Minamikawa

et al. 2017

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Flooded rice fields are a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from agriculture in Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean regions. In this work, we comparatively assessed the potential of intermittent irrigation and continuous rice flooding for reducing soil CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, partial global warming potential (pGWP), and its yield-scaled version (YpGWP) in northwestern Japan and southern Brazil. Seasonal CH 4 emissions under continuous flooded soils were slight higher in Japan (738 ± 87 kg ha −1) than in Brazil (623 ± 197 kg ha −1), and they were probably related to the higher level of soil organic C and the longer period under flooding in the seedling transplanting system in the Japanese site. Intermittent irrigation had similar efficiency in decreasing soil CH 4 emissions in both study areas, with the maximum mitigation potential of 71% in northwestern Japan and of 62% in southern Brazil. No significant difference in seasonal soil N 2 O emissions (−0.17 ± 0.05 to −0.24 ± 0.06 kg N 2 O ha −1 in Japan and 0.32 ± 0.08-1.16 ± 0.40 kg ha −1 in Brazil) or rice yield (7328-8064 kg ha −1 in Japan and 9391-10,231 kg ha −1 in Brazil) between irrigation systems was observed in either area. The potential of intermittent irrigation for reducing pGWP was around three times higher than that of continuous flooding in both sites. Thus, a reduction by 47-63% and 62-80% in yield-scaled pGWP was observed in southern Brazil and northwestern Japan, respectively. Like the well-established labor-intensive rice transplanting systems used in Asia, the introduction of feasible irrigation suppression systems in mechanized direct seeding rice fields in southern Brazil and other countries of Latin America and the Caribbean region is an effective choice for reducing greenhouse gas emissions with no adverse impact on rice yield.

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Section: Soil Ch 4 Fluxes and Seasonal Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pgwp Rice Yield and Ypgwpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercontinental comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice fields under feasible water management practices: Brazil and Japan

Camargo

Pedroso

Minamikawa

et al. 2017

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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show abstract

“…Nitrogen fertilizer (chemical and organic) for paddy in Lampung that recommended by the Government Agricultural Agency was 200 kg/ha N (without organic materials) and 150 kg/ha N with an additional 2 ton/ha organic fertilizers. All countries that produce rice realized that paddy field has a potential to emit greenhouse gas especially methane and nitrogen and tried to quantify them; in The Philippines [10], India [11], [12], Thailand [13], Japan [14], Ghana [15] and Latin America and Caribbean [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emission Based on Paddy Harvest Area in Lampung Province Indonesia using ARIMA on IPCC Model

Manik

Timotiwu

Pradana

2021

EJGEO

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Agricultural are significant sources of N2O emission. Lampung, Indonesia is an area dominated by agriculture including crops that emit N2O on their cultivation practices especially the fertilizers: paddy and vegetables. Last census in 2015 recorded that paddy fields were 1.321.120 ha and vegetables 99,284 ha with fertilizers recommendations were 200 kg/ha urea (without organic materials) and 150 kg/ha urea (if added with 2 tons/ha manure). This study aimed to estimate and predict N2O emissions based on the paddy field area using IPCC 2006 model. The IPCC model was applied to the paddy field data 1993 to 2012 from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture to estimate the N2O emission and then using Box Jenkins model to predict the emission for following years. The results showed that the prediction of N2O emission on the following years would be in the range of 0.282- 0.451Gg/year using only synthetic fertilizer and if added with organic fertilizers would be 5,846-9,359 Gg/year. These results were lower compared to some countries; however, this result was not implied that fertilizer recommendations in Lampung were safe since the results came from default numbers of the model. More researches should be conducted that local emission factors would be available that fertilizer recommendation could be evaluated.

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“…Due to the subtropical climate in southern Brazil, only one annual rice-growing season is possible, unlike most of Asia with two annual rice-growing seasons [12,13]. As a result, the rice paddies in southern Brazil have a long fallow period and no commercial cultivation, and most researchers have focused only on estimating CH 4 emissions for the rice-growing season [14][15][16][17][18]. Nevertheless, this is not a singular characteristic of southern Brazil, as the lack of scientific evidence on the fallow periods is also recurrent in other countries [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Paddy fields are significant anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emissions. In southern Brazil, rice is grown in lowland flooded areas once a year, followed by a long fallow period. This study aimed to measure CH4 fluxes in a rice paddy field in southern Brazil during the rice-growing season of 2015/2016 and the following fallow period. The fluxes were estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique and soil chamber (SC). Diurnal and seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes and potential meteorological drivers were analyzed. The CH4 fluxes showed distinct diurnal variations in each analyzed subperiod (vegetative, reproductive, pre-harvest, no rice, and land preparation), characterized by a single-peak diurnal pattern. The variables that most influenced methane emissions were air and surface temperatures. In the growing season, the rice vegetative stage was responsible for most of the measured emissions. The accumulated annual emission estimated was 44.88 g CH4 m−2 y−1, being 64% (28.50 g CH4 m−2) due to the rice-growing season and 36% (16.38 g CH4 m−2) due to the fallow period. These results show the importance of including fallow periods in strategies to mitigate methane emissions in flood irrigated rice-growing areas.

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Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality

Cited by 20 publications

References 79 publications

Intercontinental comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice fields under feasible water management practices: Brazil and Japan

Intercontinental comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice fields under feasible water management practices: Brazil and Japan

Prediction of Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emission Based on Paddy Harvest Area in Lampung Province Indonesia using ARIMA on IPCC Model

The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil

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