Sustainable ammonia synthesis: An in-depth review of non-thermal plasma technologies

Shahed Gharahshiran, Vahid; Zheng, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2024.04.018

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process, developed in 1905, remains the primary method for ammonia production. This process requires harsh conditions, such as reaching temperatures of 400-500 • C and pressures of 150-300 atm [8,9]. It is associated with significant energy consumption, accounting for 1-2% of global energy usage, and contributes to over 1% of the total CO 2 emission [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Made in Non-Metallic-Doped Materials for Electrocatalytic Reduction in Ammonia Production

Quoie Jr,

Jiao,

Lászlód

et al. 2024

Materials

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The electrocatalytic production of ammonia has garnered considerable interest as a potentially sustainable technology for ammonia synthesis. Recently, non-metallic-doped materials have emerged as promising electrochemical catalysts for this purpose. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest research on non-metallic-doped materials for electrocatalytic ammonia production. Researchers have engineered a variety of materials, doped with non-metals such as nitrogen (N), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), into different forms and structures to enhance their electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. A comparison among different non-metallic dopants reveals their distinct effects on the electrocatalytic performance for ammonia production. For instance, N-doping has shown enhanced activity owing to the introduction of nitrogen vacancies (NVs) and improved charge transfer kinetics. B-doping has demonstrated improved selectivity and stability, which is attributed to the formation of active sites and the suppression of competing reactions. P-doping has exhibited increased ammonia generation rates and Faradaic efficiencies, likely due to the modification of the electronic structure and surface properties. S-doping has shown potential for enhancing electrocatalytic performance, although further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. These comparisons provide valuable insights for researchers to conduct in-depth studies focusing on specific non-metallic dopants, exploring their unique properties, and optimizing their performance for electrocatalytic ammonia production. However, we consider it a priority to provide insight into the recent progress made in non-metal-doped materials and their potential for enabling long-term and efficient electrochemical ammonia production. Additionally, this paper discusses the synthetic procedures used to produce non-metal-doped materials and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the electrochemical performance of these materials, including their Faradaic efficiencies, ammonia yield rate, and selectivity. It examines the challenges and prospects of developing non-metallic-doped materials for electrocatalytic ammonia production and suggests future research directions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%