Sustainable ammonia production from steam reforming of biomass-derived glycerol in a heat-integrated intensified process: Modeling and feasibility study

Khademi, Mohammad Hasan; Lotfi-Varnoosfaderani, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129241

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In addition, although it is feasible to eliminate carbon emissions within a P2A plant in a certain region (e.g., the Antwerp-Rotterdam-Rhine-Ruhr Area [26]), it may still be difficult to eliminate total life-cycle emissions from the grid if the grid electricity is used to power the P2A process. Khademi et al [27] modelled an ammonia production process derived from steam reforming of biomass-derived glycerol in a thermal-integrated intensified process. This intensified process can reduce capital cost by removing certain equipment (e.g., desulphurizer, steam reformer, water gas-shift converter, and condenser), simultaneously produce ammonia and synthesis gas, provide auto-thermality in the reactors, mitigate environmental pollution because it emits no flue gas, and use the greenhouse gas as a feedstock for methane tri-reforming [27].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Khademi et al [27] modelled an ammonia production process derived from steam reforming of biomass-derived glycerol in a thermal-integrated intensified process. This intensified process can reduce capital cost by removing certain equipment (e.g., desulphurizer, steam reformer, water gas-shift converter, and condenser), simultaneously produce ammonia and synthesis gas, provide auto-thermality in the reactors, mitigate environmental pollution because it emits no flue gas, and use the greenhouse gas as a feedstock for methane tri-reforming [27]. A cradle-to-gate environmental assessment of conventional and greener hydrogen production methods to produce ammonia was performed using the ReCIPe impact assessment method, and results show that natural gasbased ammonia synthesis integrated with chemical looping hydrogen production gives the highest reduction in global warming potential in comparison to electrolysis methods [28].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power to Ammonia Production System in Nova Scotia

et al. 2022

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Green ammonia has potential as a zero-emissions energy vector in applications such as energy storage, transmission and distribution, and zero-emissions transportation. Renewable energy such as offshore wind energy has been proposed to power its production. This paper designed and analyzed an on-land small-scale power-to-ammonia (P2A) production system with a target nominal output of 15 tonnes of ammonia per day, which will use an 8 MW offshore turbine system off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada as the main power source. The P2A system consists of a reverse osmosis system, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser, a hydrogen storage tank, a nitrogen generator, a set of compressors and heat exchangers, an autothermal Haber-Bosch reactor, and an ammonia storage tank. The system uses an electrical grid as a back-up for when the wind energy is insufficient as the process assumes a steady state. Two scenarios were analyzed with Scenario 1 producing a steady state of 15 tonnes of ammonia per day, and Scenario 2 being one that switched production rates whenever wind speeds were low to 55% the nominal capacity. The results show that the grid connected P2A system has significant emissions for both scenarios, which is larger than the traditional fossil-fuel based ammonia production, when using the grid in provinces like Nova Scotia, even if it is just a back-up during low wind power generation. The levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) was calculated to be at least 2323 CAD tonne−1 for both scenarios which is not cost competitive in this small production scale. Scaling up the whole system, reducing the reliance on the electricity grid, increasing service life, and decreasing windfarm costs could reduce the LCOA and make this P2A process more cost competitive.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power to Ammonia Production System in Nova Scotia

et al. 2022

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“…About 99% of the world’s ammonia was produced from fossil fuels in 2018, 72% of which was obtained from steam methane reforming (SMR). , At present, the mainstream production process of ammonia is the Haber–Bosch process (HBP) synthesis with fossil fuels as raw materials. , However, the traditional ammonia synthesis process (ASP) causes energy waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The impact of carbon emissions from the ammonia synthesis process on the environment cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of an Ammonia Synthesis Process Integrating Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Cui

Zhou

Song³

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Ammonia, as a bulk chemical, is widely used in fertilizers and fuels and is also a promising hydrogen carrier. Aiming at reducing the high energy consumption of the ammonia synthesis process, this study innovatively proposed a low-carbon ammonia synthesis process based on the cold energy utilization of liquified natural gas regasification. In this process, the cold energy released from the regasification of liquified natural gas was used as the refrigeration source of the air separation unit and carbon capture and storage unit, which improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the whole process of synthetic ammonia. Based on Aspen Plus simulations, the process economy and exergy were comprehensively analyzed. The total efficiency of the low-carbon ammonia synthesis process was 42.69%, of which the ammonia production capacity was 35.07 t/h, and the total capital investment of the integrated process was 3.4 × 10 7 USD, and the product cost was 387.86 USD. Compared with three different ammonia plants, the levelized cost of ammonia in the low-carbon ammonia synthesis process was reduced to 324.03 USD/ton. The proposed process can well solve the problems of high energy consumption in the ammonia synthesis process and provide a valuable production route for the low-carbon ammonia synthesis process.

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“…1 This carbon-free carrier is also regarded as an excellent candidate for storing and transporting clean hydrogen. 2 However, as the most widely used ammonia production process, the Haber-Bosch process requires significant energy consumption because hydrogen reforming is basically relying on the burning of coal and natural gas. 3 In this process, H 2 from the steam methane reforming reacts with N 2 in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize anhydrous ammonia under pressure higher than 20 MPa and temperature around 450 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia is an ideal hydrogen carrier because it has a high hydrogen content . This carbon-free carrier is also regarded as an excellent candidate for storing and transporting clean hydrogen . However, as the most widely used ammonia production process, the Haber-Bosch process requires significant energy consumption because hydrogen reforming is basically relying on the burning of coal and natural gas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Sustainable Ammonia Production from Biomass

Liu,

Gu,

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work investigates a sustainable ammonia production process from life cycle and economic aspects. Coal and coal/biomass feedstocks are adopted for ammonia production. A comprehensive economic analysis is conducted by using several key evaluation indexes. Cash flows of both pure coal and coal/biomass processes have been acquired at several discounted interest rates. Various environmental impact indicators of the Eco-indicator 99 index have been utilized to evaluate the life cycle performance of the production process. The results show that this project is profitable in a short period of time. Both the economic and environmental performances are improved by adding biomass into the feedstock with a mass fraction of 5% or higher. With the addition of biomass, the payback time can be shortened. By adding 15 wt % biomass into the feedstock, the net present value can be increased by around 5.66%. Discounted interest rate is one of the key factors that influences the process economics considering the time value of cash flow. Life cycle assessment provides detailed environmental analysis results from a life cycle point of view. The construction and recycling stages are important for alleviating environmental effects. Human health damage is the most significant category; hence, measures that alleviate the damage to human health have the priority. This work provides pragmatic results and an in-depth knowledge of the biomass-based green ammonia production process.

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Sustainable ammonia production from steam reforming of biomass-derived glycerol in a heat-integrated intensified process: Modeling and feasibility study

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Design and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power to Ammonia Production System in Nova Scotia

Design and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power to Ammonia Production System in Nova Scotia

Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of an Ammonia Synthesis Process Integrating Liquified Natural Gas Cold Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Sustainable Ammonia Production from Biomass

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