Sustainable, alternative sources of bioactive peptides

Encapsulation of bioactive peptides: a strategy to improve the stability, protect the nutraceutical bioactivity and support their food applications

“…Bioactive peptides have been isolated and characterized providing many possibilities for the utilization of agricultural subproducts and other natural or microbial sources. 69 However, in the development of food and nutraceutical products, bioactive peptides showed some limitations; therefore, studies on food matrix interactions, low water-solubility, hygroscopicity, and flavour-masking are necessary. In these aspect, micro ad nano-encapsulation have been demonstrated to increase biocompatibility, and bioactivity upon ingestion of bioactive peptides.…”

A review on the application of bioactive peptides as preservatives and functional ingredients in food model systems

“…The first approach to the production of bioactive peptides involves the identification of a suitable source of protein and then the release of peptides through hydrolysis of peptide bonds. There are two ways that are typically followed for the peptide generation: by the action of proteolytic enzymes during in vitro food‐processing and in vivo gastrointestinal digestion and by the enzymatic action of endogenous and exogenous microbes, also known as food fermentation (Admassu et al, 2018). Crude protein hydrolysates thus obtained are passed through fractionation or purification steps to isolate the peptides with desired bioactivity (Li‐Chan, 2015).…”

“…Therefore, protein‐rich animal and plant‐based sources have become a point of interest for the production of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides to be used as functional ingredients to prevent diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer (Bleakley et al, 2017; Taniya et al, 2020). Other bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates and peptides include antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, antiamnestic, antithrombotic, gastrointestinal absorption modulation, appetite suppression, opioids, immunomodulation, and cytomodulation (Admassu et al, 2018; Sánchez & Vázquez, 2017). Bioactive peptides are short sequences of amino acids that typically have 2–30 amino acids joined by covalent bonds called amide or peptide bonds and remain encrypted within the parent protein structure (Bleakley et al, 2017; Sánchez & Vázquez, 2017).…”

Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Phytochemicals Derived from Algae and Edible Mushrooms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Macroalgae are classified into brown algae, green algae and red algae. Red and brown algae are considered marine algae, whereas green algae may also be found in freshwater, such as lakes and rivers [171]. Macroalgae may contain large amounts of tocopherols, a group of compounds that have vitamin E activity and are powerful antioxidants [172], as well as additional antioxidants such as vitamins A and C. Moreover, macroalgae contain a number of protective pigments and secondary metabolites [173].…”