Sustainable Agriculture and Its Implementation Gap—Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation

Siebrecht, Norman

doi:10.3390/su12093853

Cited by 112 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Agriculture is the prime sector in terms of its contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment for most developing countries (Tenaye, 2020). Moreover, the majority of people existing in poverty globally obtained their income from agriculture and agricultural correlated activities in rural areas (Petkovová, Hartman & Pavelka, 2020;Peón Pose, Martínez-Filgueira & López-Iglesias, 2020;Siebrecht, 2020). Therefore, developing an effectual agricultural policy in developing countries must be highly significant and efficient government mechanisms must be put in place to propel agricultural growth (Alshahrani & Alsadiq, 2014;Arndt et al, 2015;Fan, Hazell & Thorat, 2000;Ojiako, Chianu, Johm & Ojukwu, 2016;Rodrik, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in Nigeria (1981-2018)

Apata

2021

RGE

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This study examines the effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in major agro-ecological regions in Nigeria (1981-2018). Using public finance data from agricultural and the non-agricultural sectors at a national level, agricultural productivity returns were analysed. Public spending on drivers of agricultural growth such as education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities and their effect on agricultural productivity were also examined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and three-stage simultaneous equations. Descriptive statistics analysis results indicated that agricultural public spending as a part of total public spending averaged 4.88% between 1981 and 2018 across zones in Nigeria. Less than 25% of this allocation was spent on agricultural developmental/capital project. Elasticity results computed from the 3-stage simultaneous equation showed that the access to moderate farm feeder roads variable was 0.045, the access to education variable was 0.071 and the access to health care facilities (within 15-30 minutes’ walk to health facility) variable was 0.013. These variables were all significant at 1%. Such outcomes suggest that a 1% increase in the funding of education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities will enhance agricultural productivity per capita by 0.043. Hence, the results revealed an estimated benefit-cost-ratio of 4.3:1. Consequently, public expenditure on education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities of 4.3% would enhance agricultural productivity by 1%. However, the assessed marginal consequences and returns vary for four agro-ecological regions. Hence, harmonizing along with quality public spending on access to health care facilities, education and farm feeder roads would enhance agricultural productivity

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in Nigeria (1981-2018)

Apata

2021

RGE

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“…A sustainable approach needs not only global but also regional action [50]. In Germany, horse husbandry, including horse breeding, is of high national and international significance [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Horse Welfare and Environmental Sustainability in Horse Husbandry: Linkage between Turnout and Nitrogen Surplus

et al. 2021

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A scientific consultation tool is currently being developed in Germany to assess, analyze, and improve animal welfare on site and simultaneously consider aspects of environmental sustainability in horse husbandry in order to contribute to a resource-conserving and responsible handling of natural resources and the welfare of living beings. To date, no study has assessed to what extent species-appropriate free-range locomotion possibilities are implemented on horse farms and to what extent turnout areas are affected by unwanted nutrient inputs from horse excretions. Using the indicators “species-appropriate turnout” (hereafter: “turnout”) and “unwanted nitrogen inputs in water bodies” (based on “nitrogen surplus”), we exemplarily examine animal- and environmentally relevant aspects of horse husbandry. We conducted 88 assessments on 46 horse farms (n = 2220 horses) to test literature-based indicators of animal welfare and environmental sustainability. We found that the indicator “nitrogen surplus,” used to assess an aspect of environmental sustainability, was mostly a problem in the wintertime (summertime = −4.24, range: −109.27–58.97; wintertime: mean: 12.01, range: −35.19–468.00 nitrogen surplus per hectare, n = 44 farms, p < 0.001), when the horses had a reduced space allowance for free locomotion. On most farms, “turnout” was provided daily for several hours, but in many of the single housing systems, not all horses had the possibility for free locomotion (24.1 ± 20.4% of horses per farm), which is unacceptable in terms of animal welfare. Husbandry systems with a large enough space allowance for turnout (≥200 m2 per horse) were found to be measures with a valuable synergetic effect, providing a resource which is an opportunity both for an environmentally sustainable and welfare-friendly horse husbandry. Demanuring remarkably decreased the nitrogen surplus (p < 0.001). Hence, based on the study, we recommend to daily demanure the pasture or paddock if the space allowance is less than 200 m2 per horse. In conclusion, regarding animal welfare, group housing is favorable, but regarding a site-specific environmentally friendly or even biodiversity-enhancing management, space allowance per horse is a crucial factor rather than the type of housing system. The two selected exemplary indictors demonstrate the need for a holistic and comprehensive decision support system that considers the linkage between horse welfare and environmental sustainability in order to assist peoples’ decision-making with horses under their care.

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“…Global poverty and food insecurity continue to remain critical issues, especially in rural areas [8]. During the Conference on Environment and Development in Rio in 1992, sustainable development was mentioned as a guiding principle for all economic and political sectors [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Litter Size at Birth on Productive Parameters in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Pincay

Marcillo

Guamàn

et al. 2020

Animals

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A study was conducted at the Escuela Superior Politècnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador, to evaluate the influence of litter size of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) on their development and to establish the economic profitability of the production system. Forty-eight animals were used, distributed into litters of two, three, and four rodents per litter, with a balanced diet and green fresh alfalfa for the weaning, growth, and fattening stage, the rodents and litters were randomly selected, applying the statistical model completely randomly and evaluating different variables across 120 days. The litters of three guinea pigs obtained the best productive responses and economic profitability. With respect to sex, the males presented better productive behavior, greater economic increase, and less cost, evidencing that mixed feeding influences the number of guinea pigs per birth in terms of growth and development. The results serve to improve guinea pig meat production for the rural population.

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Sustainable Agriculture and Its Implementation Gap—Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation

Cited by 112 publications

References 134 publications

Effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in Nigeria (1981-2018)

Effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in Nigeria (1981-2018)

Improving Horse Welfare and Environmental Sustainability in Horse Husbandry: Linkage between Turnout and Nitrogen Surplus

Influence of Litter Size at Birth on Productive Parameters in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

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