2016
DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2016.2.2.07
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Sustainability Standards and Their Trade Implications

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Cited by 2 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Fernandes and Bian (2016) argue that SS fragmentation increases compliance costs, making assessments and comparisons between SS a complicated process. First, there is evidence that producers must meet various standard requirements in a multiplicity situation because they usually sell their products to different markets and buyers (Marx & Wouters, 2014).…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Fernandes and Bian (2016) argue that SS fragmentation increases compliance costs, making assessments and comparisons between SS a complicated process. First, there is evidence that producers must meet various standard requirements in a multiplicity situation because they usually sell their products to different markets and buyers (Marx & Wouters, 2014).…”
Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There has been a proliferation of various SS types (Schleifer et al, 2019). They can be classified by their degree of obligation as voluntary or mandatory, or according to the geographic coverage area: national, regional, and global schemes, or related to who established them: government, private sector, NGOs, and International Organizations (Fernandes & Bian, 2016; Lee et al, 2012). This variety has caused many SS to exist parallel in a given sector, a phenomenon known as standard multiplicity or standard fragmentation (Fiorini et al, 2017; Fransen et al, 2019; UNFSS, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As sustainability standards have proliferated, some of them have become established governance tools that are in effect for a long period of time, and enforcers are familiar with them (Fernandes and Bian, 2016). But others are still in their infancy (Schouten and Bitzer, 2015), and since standards are regarded as dynamically evolving mechanisms, there is often continuing debate about their efficacy.…”
Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%