Sustainability Requirements of Concrete Structures

Rageh, Mohamed O.; Hosny, Hossam E.; Abdel-Rehem, Ahmed

doi:10.12691/ajcea-5-5-1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This makes population of the study undefined/unknown. Following Rageh et al (2017), Rose et al (2015), Smith (2013), the formula for computing sample size for an undefined/unknown population was adopted in this study.…”

Section: Sample Size Determination and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana

Amfo

Mensah

Aidoo

2020

IJSE

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PurposePoor working conditions among migrant labourers on cocoa farms may be commonplace. This could affect labour productivity and cocoa industry performance. The paper investigates migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana and the key drivers of satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a five-point Likert scale to evaluate migrants' satisfaction with remuneration, working hours, welfare, health and safety, contract and freedom. Using primary data from 400 migrants and non-migrants in four cocoa districts, multivariate probit regression was employed to evaluate the determinants of satisfaction with working conditions.FindingsMigrant labourers are generally satisfied with their working hours, nature of contract and freedom they enjoy. However, they are unsatisfied with their remuneration, welfare and health/safety conditions on cocoa farms. All things being equal, secondary occupation, nature of contract, number of farmers served by labourer, annual earnings, farm ownership, education and expectations before migration influence migrants' satisfaction with working conditions.Practical implicationsTo improve satisfaction with working conditions and productivity, migrants on cocoa farms should be given protective working gear, long-term or renewable contracts and they should be encouraged to engage in secondary occupations.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies that focussed on working conditions in the formal sector, this study explores migrants' satisfaction with working conditions in the informal agricultural sector. Also, the study examines labourers' satisfaction with six subcomponents of working conditions compared to previous studies that employed a univariate analytical approach to examine working conditions.

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Section: Sample Size Determination and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana

Amfo

Mensah

Aidoo

2020

IJSE

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“…The values of the cracking strain were automatically converted via programming to plastic strain values according to eqs. ( 5) and (6) with the availability of unloading data.…”

Section: Numerical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per literature review, voided slabs have many advantages, such as quicker construction period, low cost formwork, optimized structure, and more sustainability to the architectural geometrical requirements like large spans in a structure for the architects instead of conventional reinforced concrete slabs [5]. Consequently, an enhanced seismic performance due to reduced structural mass, therefore, voided slab system, is considered a sustainable solution since the reduction of usage of concrete leads to reduced CO2 emissions resulting from material production and transportation [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Behaviour of Voided Flat Slab With Various Void Ratios Under Vertical Loading

Kanth

Poluraju

2023

Civil and Environmental Engineering

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In recent modern buildings, voided slabs have been implemented because of the high reduction of their weight up to 35 %. Also, CO2 emission takes place which was developed from mass concrete. Due to percentage reduction of concrete, it leads to help the pollution free environment, eco-friendly and also more sustainable. On voided flat slabs, a minimal study has been recorded. In this current study, an approach has been made to study the effect of the position of voids in the voided flat slabs. Two groups of seven specimens each, one slab in each group was a controlled flat slab specimen with zero number of voids kept as a reference specimen, while the others were voided slabs. In each group, the number of voids were used based on the positions. The designation of the specimens is made depending on the number of voids placed and the diameter of the rebar used in the specimens. Group-A was reinforced with 8 mm diameter rebars, and Group-B was reinforced with 6 mm diameter rebars. The parameters of the study are the void positions and the rebar diameter. The specimens were subjected to a gradually concentrated load through the short column up to failure. The load carrying capacity of both voided and controlled flat slabs tested have almost same. It indicates that, the inactive concrete below the neutral axis where high density polyethylene (HDPE) recycled hollow spheres have been provided in the flat slab has shown no impact on load carrying capacity of the test specimens. However, the presence of the punching shear can be seen in the specimens where the voids are positioned near the columns and supports. Besides, ABAQUS program (A finite element based software) was used to perform the finite element analysis for profoundly illustrating the experimental findings and performing a parametric study. It is concluded that the concrete has no role at below the neutral axis of structural voided flat slab cross-section for all specimens including controlled specimens (0VS6, 0VS8). Also, it is noticed that the finite element analysis obtained results have shown more or less same as experimental results. From the present study, it is evident that behaviour of voided flat slabs are different from simply supported voided flat slabs.

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“…In the growing literature on the sustainability evaluation of concrete, various methods have been adopted for calculating composite values to represent multidimensional sustainability characteristics. For example, normalized values, such as benefit to cost ratio, and weighted means have been applied to both small and large indicator sets (Müller et al 2014;Rageh et al 2017;Konečný et al 2020). Multicriteria decision-making approaches, such as analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS Moretti et al 2017;Rashid et al 2017), as well as statistical techniques, such as conjoint analysis and fuzzy logic (Kawai et al 2005a;Caño et al 2016), have also been used to reflect multiple characteristics in the sustainability evaluation.…”

Section: Sustainability Evaluation For Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Evaluation of Concrete Materials Utilizing the Desirability Approach with Varying Function Shapes

Henry

Opon

Vios

2021

ACT

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To address sustainability issues, concrete design and specification must consider a variety of evaluation criteria, necessitating analytical methods that can optimize mixes to meet performance requirements while maximizing sustainability. This paper proposes the desirability approach, a multi-response optimization technique, as a new method for the sustainability evaluation of concrete materials. A demonstration study, using four sustainability indicators and six concrete mixes with varying binder compositions and aggregate types, is presented that explores how changing the shape of the desirability function, which translates indicator values to desirability, affects the sustainability evaluation output. Treating the function shapes as a source of uncertainty, sustainability evaluation is conducted with uncertainty analysis to produce a sustainability score distribution for each mix, which is described by statistical measures. Mixes with the highest and lowest indicator values exhibited the least variance in their scores, as these values were unaffected by the function shape. Sensitivity analysis, which measures the contribution of the sources of uncertainty to the total output uncertainty, found that the interactions when varying multiple function shapes simultaneously were the most influential source of uncertainty, which may be caused by multi-collinearity among the indicators. It was also found that sustainability scores calculated by geometric aggregation were lower than those calculated by linear aggregation.

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Sustainability Requirements of Concrete Structures

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana

Migrants' satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana

Structural Behaviour of Voided Flat Slab With Various Void Ratios Under Vertical Loading

Sustainability Evaluation of Concrete Materials Utilizing the Desirability Approach with Varying Function Shapes

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