Sustainability of Mass Deacidification. Part I: Concept, Selection of Sample Books and pH-Determination

Ahn, Kyujin; Henniges, Ute; Blüher, Agnes; Banik, Gerhard; Potthast, Antje

doi:10.1515/rest.2011.010

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This clearly indicates that accelerated aging of Hanji under elevated temperature is dominated by hydrolysis. Similar results are obtained with other paper types which also show pure hydrolytic damage under these aging conditions (Ahn et al 2011). To some extent, at early stages of aging, the pure carbonyl content decreased slightly.…”

Section: Artificial Aging Of Hanji Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

et al. 2014

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Hanji paper, the paper material traditionally used in Korea, is in the focus of the present aging and mechanistic study. As raw materials and historic recipes for paper making are still available for Hanji today, specimen resembling historical material at the point of production can be prepared. While from that starting point, historical material had taken the path of natural aging, newly prepared samples-prepared according to both historic and current recipes-were artificially aged, and both aging modes can be compared. For the first time, an in-depth chemical and mathematical analysis of the aging processes for Hanji is presented. The aging of Hanji paper, resulting in hydrolysis and oxidation processes, was addressed by means of selective fluorescene labeling of oxidized groups in combination with gel permeation chromatography, providing profiles of carbonyl and carboxyl groups relative to the molar mass distribution. Starting Hanji showed the highest molecular weight ([1,400 kDa) ever reported for paper. We have defined two critical parameters for comparison of the paper samples: half-life DP (the time until every chain is split once on average) and life expectancy (the time until an average DP of failure is reached and no further mechanical stress can be tolerated). The two values were determined to be approximately 500 and 4,000 years, respectively, for the Hanji samples, provided there is no UV radiation. The rate of cellulose chain scission under accelerated aging (80°C, RH 65 %), was about 600 times faster than under natural conditions. In addition, cellulose degradation of Hanji paper under accelerated aging condition was about 2-3 times slower than that of historical rag paper as those used in medieval Europe.

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Section: Artificial Aging Of Hanji Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

Deterioration of ancient cellulose paper, Hanji: evaluation of paper permanence

et al. 2014

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“…Papersave, Booksaver), there are no comparable data available for the novel dispersion method (CaCO 3 /MgO in heptane) as this procedure had not been applied on a large scale until very recently. The data presented here are a first treatise of such dispersion methods, applying similar evaluation methods as used previously for deacidification with homogeneous reagents (Ahn et al 2011(Ahn et al , 2012a), but it is obviously not meant as a full-scale sustainability study of currently applied mass deacidification techniques. We discuss the comparison of the methods in view of the behavior of alkaline reserve deposited by dispersion methods, and its transport into the paper matrix during aging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of approaches toward mass deacidification of paper by dispersed particles

Potthast

Ahn

2016

Cellulose

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Mass deacidification has been an important topic in cellulose science and will continue to be a critical issue as long as acidic books and paper-based materials are-a often major-part of library and archive stocks. Different means are available to judge the result of a deacidification treatment and to address its sustainability and efficacy. The present study compares deacidification by dispersed particles with procedures that apply homogeneously dissolved alkaline compounds, both under humid and dry accelerated aging conditions. Analysis by size-exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering detection is used in combination with accelerated aging. The number of chain scissions, i.e. cellulose degradation, is the parameter used for evaluation, expressed as stabilization factors relative to the non-treated specimen. Upon deacidification with homogeneous solutions stability factors of about four were reached, while deacidification with dispersed particles gave only two times longer life times (stability factor of two). Mechanistic aspects are discussed in terms of alkaline reserve, cellulose degradation and mobilities of deacidification agents.

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“…However, the neutralization of acids does not stop their formation. Continuing generation of acidic species in paper might help to explain observations of a gradual drift to lower surface pH values over time (Ahn et al 2011).…”

Section: Catastrophic Failure and Auto-catalysismentioning

confidence: 97%