Sustainability of additive manufacturing: An overview on its energy demand and environmental impact

Peng, Tao; Kellens, Karel; Tang, Renzhong; Chen, Chao; Chen, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.04.022

Cited by 204 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…The Brundtland Report [115] defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs." As a matter of fact, sustainable development can be defined based on three principal dimensions, namely, economic, environmental, and social [116] that they are addressed by 6 R concepts: reduce, recover, recycle, reuse, redesign, and remanufacture [117]. Therefore, the aims of sustainable manufacturing are, according to the reduction of environmental impact, improving the social and economic impacts of the entire life cycle of the product [20].…”

Section: Sustainability Of Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact is more important when we know that a 100 Kg reduction in the weight of a long-range airplane leads to 2.5 million dollars in saving in fuel consumption and 1.3 Mt CO 2 savings during the aircraft's lifetime [30]. The environmental impact of AM can be investigated mainly in three features [117] (see Figure 9) as follows:…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Additive Manufacturing in the Smart Factory Industrial 4.0: A Review

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced a novel production method in design, manufacturing, and distribution to end-users. This technology has provided great freedom in design for creating complex components, highly customizable products, and efficient waste minimization. The last industrial revolution, namely industry 4.0, employs the integration of smart manufacturing systems and developed information technologies. Accordingly, AM plays a principal role in industry 4.0 thanks to numerous benefits, such as time and material saving, rapid prototyping, high efficiency, and decentralized production methods. This review paper is to organize a comprehensive study on AM technology and present the latest achievements and industrial applications. Besides that, this paper investigates the sustainability dimensions of the AM process and the added values in economic, social, and environment sections. Finally, the paper concludes by pointing out the future trend of AM in technology, applications, and materials aspects that have the potential to come up with new ideas for the future of AM explorations.

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Section: Sustainability Of Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Additive Manufacturing in the Smart Factory Industrial 4.0: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…Until the end of the 20th century, productivity was a priority and the main goal was to obtain the required quality at the lowest price, regardless of the resulting environmental impact. The concept of sustainable manufacturing did not begin until almost a decade after the United Nations environmental declaration in 1972 [79]. Since that date, sustainable manufacturing has attracted increasing attention, and nowadays, manufacturing processes not only have to guarantee products that meet the specified requirements, with a competitive price and quality, but also must ensure a minimum environmental impact.…”

Section: Am-a Sustainable Manufacturing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases postprocessing is required, such as assembling, SM, or heat treatment, and the LCA must consider all of them in order to provide reliable information [87]. From the point of view of LCA, manufacturing processes are divided into five steps, see Figure 5 [79].…”

Section: Life Cycle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Arrizubieta

Ukar

Ostolaza

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.2 of 25 sold in 2016 was 983, whereas, in the year 2017 this value rose to 1768 units, which implies an 80% increase [1].As far as economy and sustainability are concerned, AM offers several advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques, which confers many potential applications to AM in diverse industrial sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, biomedical, energy, and consumer goods [4]. In the aerospace industry, for example, AM enables aerospace motorists to create blades with much more complex internal cooling channels, allowing engines to run at higher temperatures and thus increase their performance [5]. In the report presented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is stated that in aerospace engines titanium parts are machined down to size from large initial blocks, which leads to more than 90% waste material, material waste that could be reduced by using AM [6]. The European Commission in the Digital Transformation Monitor of 2017 presented similar numbers, where the disruptive nature of 3D printing was studied. It was estimated that by 2050, AM could save up to 90% of the raw material needed for manufacturing [3].Nonetheless, the possibilities of AM are not only limited to a reduction of raw material usage. The possibility of manufacturing lighter components could lead to energy savings, estimated between 5% and 25% by 2050, as well as a reduction in manufacturing costs of around 4-21% for the same period [7]. This trend is applicable to different industrial sectors. For example, SmarTech expects the overall market for AM in automotive to reach 5.3 billion USD in revenues by 2023 and to achieve 12.4 billion USD by 2028 [8].The lack of European and international standardization related to AM is proving to be an impediment to the...

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“…With the introduction of the policy, enterprises with carbon emissions above the carbon quota can buy quotas through the carbon trading market, while those with emissions levels below the quota can sell quotas. On the one hand, in order to grasp this "carbon opportunity," enterprises that maximize profits will proactively improve their production processes, reduce the use of equipment and manufacture fewer products with large carbon emissions, and invest in assets with low levels of pollution [34][35][36]. In order to encourage the production of low energy products, we should strengthen independent innovation and develop new technologies that protect the environment.…”

Section: Research Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Rights Mechanism Transform its Manufacturing Industry? Based on the Perspective of Enterprise Behavior

Dai

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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The pilot policy of carbon emissions trading rights covers six heavy pollution industries in the manufacturing industry and has achieved considerable emission reductions. Based on enterprise behavior, this study analyzes the impact of the carbon emissions trading rights pilot policy on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises. In addition, we examine whether the pilot policy can aid in the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Furthermore, we examine the influence of carbon emissions trading rights on manufacturing enterprises of different sizes and with different property rights. The results show that the trading rights have not produced a "Porter effect" on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises in China or in subsamples based on the nature of enterprise ownership. The impact of the carbon trading rights on the productivity of state-owned manufacturing enterprises in the pilot provinces is based on the compliance cost hypothesis. Therefore, the pilot policy has yet to achieve coordinated economic, social, and environmental development. Lastly, we put forward several policy suggestions on the coordinated development of a carbon trading policy and manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of the government, enterprises, and society.The manufacturing industry is the foundation of China's national economy, but at the same time, consumes a significant amount of energy and has high levels of carbon emissions. The industry's low efficiency in terms of the use of resources and energy means environmental pollution is a serious problem. With the development of the "Made in China 2025" strategy, China's manufacturing industry requires innovation, intelligent manufacturing, a strong industrial base, and green development. The carbon emissions trading rights policy can help to develop the manufacturing industry in China, while reducing manufacturing carbon emissions, improving the efficiency of enterprise production, and transforming the use of energy within the manufacturing sector.Before implementing the carbon emissions trading rights policy fully, China conducted carbon trading pilot projects in eight major industries in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangdong, and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2015, including the petroleum, chemical, building materials, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, and paper industries. This provides us with an objective natural experiment to test carbon trading policies. In the domestic literature, only Fan Dan et al. [1] have analyzed the effect of a carbon emissions trading rights policy at the industry level using an empirical analysis and a difference-in-differences model. But in the global campaign to cope with climate change, "carbon emissions trading" is not a new word. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the first multinational emissions trading system in the world [2]. It is also the world's largest total carbon emissions control and trading system. A lot of contributions have been made. Sun Rui et al. [3] obtain the...

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Sustainability of additive manufacturing: An overview on its energy demand and environmental impact

Cited by 204 publications

References 77 publications

The Potential of Additive Manufacturing in the Smart Factory Industrial 4.0: A Review

The Potential of Additive Manufacturing in the Smart Factory Industrial 4.0: A Review

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Can China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Rights Mechanism Transform its Manufacturing Industry? Based on the Perspective of Enterprise Behavior

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