Sustainability, conservation tillage and weeds in Canada

Derksen, D. A.; Blackshaw, Robert E.; Boyetchko, S. M.

doi:10.4141/cjps96-115

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Flax responds well to reduced tillage management (Lafond et al 1992;Derksen et al 1996;Lafond and Derksen 1996). However, flax tends to be relatively sensitive to fertilizer toxicity and placement of excess levels of N fertilizer near the seed-row can lead to seedling damage (Nyborg and Hennig 1969;Lafond et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

et al. 2016

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Field studies were conducted at two locations in western Manitoba over three years to evaluate the impact of rate, source, and placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on seedling emergence, disease severity, crop yield, and seed quality of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers were applied at 0, 30, 60, and 90 g N ha −1 , pre-plant banded or side-banded 2.5 m to the side and 2.5 m below the seed-row, using a hoe-type opener with 20 m row spacing. Differences in stand emergence occurred from year to year, depending on the moisture conditions after seeding. Nitrogen fertilizer occasionally decreased stand density when side-banded, with effects being greatest with urea and UAN. The magnitude of stand decrease was generally low, although it may have restricted seed yield with high rates of urea fertilization in some years. Nitrogen applications frequently increased leaf and stem pasmo, but the effects of fertilizer source and placement were variable. Seed yield increased with N application except at a single site where soil N levels were high. Where differences existed among sources, yield was generally lower with urea than with the other sources, possibly related to seedling damage from the urea at higher rates of application, or to physiological effects of high ammonia:nitrate ratio nutrition during early growth. Seed quality for oil production tended to decline with increasing N applications due to lower oil concentration, lower iodine number, and a decrease in the concentration of high-quality linolenic and linoleic fatty acids. However, seed protein concentration increased with increasing N concentration. While risk of seedling damage and pasmo may increase with increasing levels of N fertilizer, either side-banded or pre-plant banded N applications still resulted in increased flaxseed yield. However, increasing N rate slightly decreased quality for oil production.Key words: ammonia toxicity, linseed, fatty acid profile, ALA.Résumé : Trois années durant, les auteurs ont poursuivi une étude sur le terrain à deux endroits, dans l'ouest du Manitoba, en vue d'évaluer les répercussions du taux d'application, de la nature et de la méthode d'application des engrais azotés (N) sur la levée, la gravité de la maladie, le rendement et la qualité des semences du lin (Linum usitatissimum L.). Des engrais à base d'urée, d'urée combinée au nitrate d'ammonium (UNA) et de nitrate d'ammonium (NA) ont été appliqués à raison de 0, 30, 60 et 90 kg de N par hectare en bande avant les semis ou en bande latérale, 2,5 cm à côté de la planche de semis et 2,5 cm sous celle-ci, au moyen d'un traceur de sillon à disque, sur des rangs espacés de 20 cm. La levée varie d'une année à l'autre, selon le degré d'humidité relevé après les semis. Lorsqu'on l'applique en bande latérale, l'engrais azoté diminue parfois la densité du peuplement, l'effet étant plus important avec l'urée et l'UNA. L'importance de cette baisse demeure néanmoins généralement faible, même si elle a pu...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

et al. 2016

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“…Reduced tillage intensity practices have been well established in sub-humid and semi-arid regions to reduce soil erosion and conserve soil moisture (Griffith et al, 1986). These practices also are gaining popularity in humid regions to reduce fuel consumption, reduce soil organic carbon losses, and allow producers to farm additional land (Carter, 1994;Derksen et al, 1996). Reduced tillage intensity leads to increased numbers of surface weed seeds due to lack of deep incorporation (Froud-Williams, 1988;Ball and Miller, 1990;Ball, 1992;Yenish et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SeedChaser: Vertical soil tillage distribution model

Spokas

Forcella

Archer

et al. 2007

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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Knowledge of the vertical distribution of surface residues, chemicals, or seeds following tillage operations is of great importance to a wide variety of soil research areas. This paper describes a 1D empirical vertical soil tillage distribution model with 1 cm grid spacing (SeedChaser) that predicts vertical redistribution of weed seeds following user selected (a) sequences of tillage implements, and (b) initial seed distribution values. Results of this model are particularly suited for weed seed emergence modeling. However, the model can be adapted easily to any surface broadcasted agrochemical or incorporated residues. The present model can handle up to 20 passes of user selected sequences of 16 different implements. The majority of prior models examined only the impact of a more limited list of implements at much larger depth intervals, which reduced the predictability of fine-scale vertical movement that may be needed for simulating movements of seeds or chemical granules. SeedChaser consolidates the results from these previous models along with new data on conservation tillage implements into a prediction tool that would have applications both in weed science, as well as other soil research areas. SeedChaser was developed in JAVA and is publicly available via the Internet.

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“…In that study, a low herbicide input/zero tillage system had the highest net return and lowest income variability; crop yields under zero-tillage were similar whether medium or high herbicide input levels were used (Holm et al 2002). Reduced tillage may facilitate herbicide use reduction, due to changes in the dynamics of the weed seed bank because of limited soil disturbance (Swanton and Weise 1991;Derksen et al 1996). The microsite requirements for the germination and emergence of some weeds are extremely specific, while others are able to emerge under a variety of conditions (Boyd and Van Acker 2003).…”

Section: Tillage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies and tactics for herbicide use reduction in field crops in Canada: A review

Nazarko¹,

Acker²,

Entz³

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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There are many economic and health reasons for reducing pesticide use in Canada. Herbicide use on field crops is by far the most common pesticide use in Canada. This paper is a review of four topics related to herbicide use reduction on field crops in Canada: (1) broad strategies and (2) specific tactics for herbicide use reduction; (3) factors affecting adoption; and 4) research approaches for improving the implementation of herbicide use reduction. Numerous tactics exist to use herbicides more efficiently and herbicides can sometimes be replaced by non-chemical weed control methods. Many of these tactics and methods have been investigated and demonstrated for use on field crops in Canada. However, herbicide use reduction is fundamentally dependent upon preventative strategies designed to create robust cropping systems that maintain low weed densities. Diverse crop rotation forms the basis of preventative strategies as it inherently varies cropping system conditions to avoid weed adaptation. There is evidence that residual weed densities resulting from herbicide use reduction are manageable within competitive cropping systems. A great deal of research has been done on herbicide use reduction on field crops in Canada, and most projects report definite possibilities for herbicide use reduction in field crop production in Canada. Synthesizing and extending this information and customizing it for use on individual farms remain challenges. Collaboration between researchers and farmers can help to build successful strategies for herbicide use reduction which reflect the context of modern farming, the will of farmers and the culture of technology adoption among farmers. Key words: Pesticide use reduction, low-input agriculture, integrated pest management, integrated weed management

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Sustainability, conservation tillage and weeds in Canada

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

Nitrogen source and placement effects on stand density, pasmo severity, seed yield, and quality of no-till flax

SeedChaser: Vertical soil tillage distribution model

Strategies and tactics for herbicide use reduction in field crops in Canada: A review

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