Sustainability and carbon management practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Climate change mitigation strategies in carbon-intensive firms

“…Consistent with prior studies in the area (Hashmi and Al-Habib, 2012;Wakabayashi, 2013) it is expected that not all practices are deployed to the same extent. In light of prior evidence that most carbon-intensive firms focus on marginal improvements to improve the efficiency of their existing processes (Blanford, 2009;Jones and Levy, 2007) it is posited that application levels are inversely related to the required investments for their implementation.…”

“…Prior research, for example, has identified that some carbon reduction practices are applied more widely than others (Hashmi and Al-Habib, 2012;Wakabayashi, 2013) yet does not provide a causal explanation for this occurrence. Next, prior research provides equivocal evidence whether alternative climate change mitigation strategies are used reciprocally or whether firms focus on one strategy only.…”

“…Prior research concerned with climate change related strategies is diverse and falls within many streams. For example, these include theoretical conceptualizations of such strategies (Boiral, 2006;Hoffman, 2005), empirical investigations of carbon reduction and other climate change related practices in firms (Cadez and Czerny, 2010;Hashmi and Al-Habib, 2012;Jeswani et al, 2008;Kolk and Pinkse, 2005;Lee, 2012;Sprengel and Busch, 2011;Talbot and Boiral, 2014;Wahyuni and Ratnatunga, 2015;Weinhofer and Busch, 2013;Weinhofer and Hoffmann, 2010), explorations of barriers, drivers, and contingencies of such strategies (Amran et al, 2015;Backman et al, 2015;Liu, 2012;Okereke and Russel, 2010;Reid and Toffel, 2009;Rickards et al, 2014;Slawinski and Bansal, 2012;Sprengel and Busch, 2011), the implications of climate change strategies for firms' economic performance (Hsu and Wang, 2013;Matsumura et al, 2014) and implications for firms' GHG emissions performance (Doda et al, 2015).…”

Environmental Aspects of Social Responsibility of Public Sector Organizations

“…Only a small number of organizations formulated environmental policies with regard to their own activities, e.g., reducing water and energy use, reducing the amount of chemicals used, systematic training of office employees on the procedures concerning the implementation of pro-environmental actions, support of projects related to the environmental education and sustainable development based on three-sector cooperation, promoting pro-environmental behaviors among employees, customers, suppliers and subcontractors by bringing responsibility for the environment to their attention and promoting specific measures for environment protection, in particular promoting the principles of sustainable development, etc. [19]. Formulating the environmental policy, public sector organizations focus largely on supporting the concept of environmental responsibility in the business environment rather than on setting goals for their business activity.…”

“…Hawken identified sustainability problems and discussed business-related solutions, which, in his opinion, could transform both companies and the economy, and possibly improve profitability [19]. However, the financial aspect of the activity is not the main one in public sector organization [20].…”