Suspicion vs. reality – Influenza A and B associated acute respiratory tract infection in a group of children in Sri Lanka

Noordeen, F.; Pandithasundara, H; Senavirathna, SK; Abeykoon, S.; Faizal, Mam; Morel, A. J.; Mudiyanse, RM

doi:10.4038/sljid.v4i1.5988

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Distribution of Inf-V infection in our study is consistent with the reports from few other studies conducted in Sri Lanka and south Asian countries [10][11][12][13], but lower than that reported in countries like Hong Kong and China [3,14], reinforcing that epidemiology of influenza is highly heterogenic in different countries. However, the prevalence of Inf-Vinfection in our study was also higher than that reported in two previous studies from Sri Lanka [11,15] and reinforcing that epidemiology of influenza is also highly heterogenic in different areas within a country. Moreover, this discrepancy may be due to the difference in the study duration, nature of the study population and nature of the respiratory specimen tested and methods used to test.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 65%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Sri Lanka

Rafeek

Divarathna

Morel³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Influenza viruses (Inf-V) are an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Inf-V infections in a sample of hospitalized children with ARI. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 500 children between 1 month to 5 years old with symptoms of ARI were collected at the Teaching Hospital Kegalle Sri Lanka From May 2016 to June 2018, NPAs were tested for influenza A (Inf-A) and B (Inf-B) viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) 1–3 using an immunofluorescence assay. The Inf-V were then subtyped using a multiplex RT-PCR. Inf-V were detected in 10.75% (54/502) of the hospitalized children with ARI and in that 5.57% (28/502) were positive for Inf-A and 5.17% (26/502) were positive for Inf-B. Of the 54 Inf-V positive children, 33 were aged between 6 and 20 months. Of the 28 children infected with Inf-A, 15 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 7 had bronchopneumonia and 6 had bronchiolitis. Of the 26 children infected with Inf-B, 11 had uncharacterized lower respiratory infection, 10 had bronchiolitis, and 4 had bronchopneumonia. Inf-B circulated throughout the year with a few peaks, one in June and then in August followed by November to December in 2016 and one in April 2017 and January 2018. Inf-A circulated throughout the year with a major peak in March to April 2017 and July 2018. ARI was more common in boys compared to girls. Majority of the children infected with Inf-V were diagnosed with uncharacterized lower respiratory infection and mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Inf-V infections were prevalent throughout the year in the study area of Sri Lanka with variations in the type of the circulating virus.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 65%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Sri Lanka

Rafeek

Divarathna

Morel³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The isolates are identified by viral culture, IFA and RT-PCR. According to a study carried out by Noordeen et al [33] viral antigen detection rate is higher in nasopharyngeal aspirates than that of nasal swabs or nasal washings. In the study of Perera et al higher number of influenza A positive cases were identified via RT-PCR than viral culture.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 95%

History and current trends in influenza virus infections with special reference to Sri Lanka

2017

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately one billion people are infected and up to 500,000 people die from influenza each year in the world. Influenza is considered to be the greatest killer of the human populations, due to the 1918 Spanish flu, which killed millions around the world. Despite the effective treatment available against influenza, it still contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Currently circulating influenza strains in humans include influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B viruses, (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata). Influenza has been prevalent in Sri Lanka from 1969, since then it continued to cause morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The current global influenza surveillance network monitors the global influenza activity through WHO collaborating centres. The Medical Research Institute monitors and diagnoses influenza cases in the country as part of the WHO network laboratories. Vaccinations to high risk groups and antiviral therapy for the successful prevention of influenza have been practiced in Sri Lanka. This review highlights the impact of influenza on public health in Sri Lanka including the historical aspects, current diagnostic practices and prevention approaches in high risk individuals in the country.

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“…RSV was associated with more severe disease, as noted in many previous studies [2,3,16,17]. It is important to remember that not all severe ARTI in children is caused by influenza; this point was made clearly in a study during the H1N1 epidemic (June to December 2010) when only 5 out of 70 children tested were positive for influenza viruses [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in the Kegalle area of Sri Lanka

Muthulingam

Noordeen²,

Morel

2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide including Sri Lanka. This study was undertaken to determine the viral causes and clinical manifestations of ARTI in pre-school children (Age 3 years) from the Kegalle area of the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 98 children 3 years presenting with ARTI were tested by indirect (screening) and direct (typing) immunofluorescence assay for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 and adenoviruses. A respiratory virus was detected in 32.3% of cases: RSV 90%, parainfluenza type 2 virus 6% and influenza virus 4%. Detection of RSV was associated with severe cases of bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization. These findings show the importance of viral pathogens in ARTI in pre-school children in Sri Lanka and highlight the diversity of viral pathogens detected in this age group.

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Suspicion vs. reality – Influenza A and B associated acute respiratory tract infection in a group of children in Sri Lanka

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Sri Lanka

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Sri Lanka

History and current trends in influenza virus infections with special reference to Sri Lanka

Viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in the Kegalle area of Sri Lanka

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