“…Students of color are referred, suspended, and expelled at rates far higher than White students (Kaufman et al, 2010;KewalRamani, Gilbertson, Fox, & Provasnik, 2007;Krezmien, Leone, & Achilles, 2006;Skiba et al, 2011;Skiba, Peterson, & Williams, 1997;Vincent, Swain-Bradway, Tobin, & May, 2011;Vincent et al, 2012). Since the Children's Defense Fund initially raised the issue in 1975, subsequent studies have confirmed that exclusionary discipline practices like suspension and expulsion are disproportionately meted out to Black, Latino, and Native American students.…”