Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Georgiadou, Stella; Brooks, Brian W.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2006.07.032

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…O poli(álcool vinílico) (PVA) é um dos estabilizantes mais utilizados em polimerizações em suspensão; entretanto, muitos outros estabilizantes podem também ser empregados na polimerização em suspensão, como, por exemplo, o poliestireno sulfonado (PES) [24][25][26] , o trifosfato de cálcio (TCP) [27,28] , o hidroxietilcelulose (HEC) [27] ,o poli(metacrilato de amônio) (APMA) [29] , o 2-etil hexil sulfato de sódio [30] , o dodecil benzeno sulfonato de sódio (SDBS) [28] e a gelatina [31] , dentre outros. O PVA é comercialmente caracterizado por duas propriedades: a viscosidade da solução aquosa, que está diretamente ligada a sua massa molar; e o grau de hidróli-se, que se refere à percentagem de radicais acetil que foram substituídos por radicais hidroxila durante a reação de hidró-lise do poli(acetato de vinila).…”

Section: Estabilizantes: Agentes De Suspensãounclassified

Uma revisão sobre os processos de polimerização em suspensão

2007

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Resumo: Inúmeros processos podem ser utilizados para produção de materiais poliméricos. Cada processo apresenta características peculiares, que permitem produzir resinas com as mais variadas propriedades, visando a diferentes aplicações do material polimérico final. Os processos de polimerização em suspensão são bastante empregados para produção de resinas poliméricas por apresentarem muitas vantagens, como a facilidade de separação, fácil remoção de calor e controle de temperatura e, principalmente, pelos baixos níveis de impureza e de aditivação no produto final. Por isso, processos de polimerização em suspensão são apropriados para obtenção de produtos para aplicações biotecnológicas e médicas, dentre outras. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar uma discussão dos aspectos fundamentais inerentes aos processos de polimerização em suspensão, visando a uma compreensão do efeito das principais variáveis de processo sobre o desempenho de polimerizações em suspensão. Mostra-se também que a espectroscopia do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) pode ser muito útil para permitir o monitoramento e o controle em tempo real de processos de polimerização em suspensão, para a obtenção de materiais poliméricos com características especiais. Palavras-chave: Polimerização, suspensão, espectroscopia, infravermelho próximo. A Review on Suspension Polymerization ProcessesAbstract: Several processes can be employed for manufacturing polymer materials. Each process presents some intrinsic features that lead to production of resins with peculiar properties, which define the end-use application of the final polymeric material. Suspension polymerization processes are extensively used because of their many advantages, such as the easy separation of the polymer particles, easy removal of the heat of reaction, easy temperature control and low levels of impurities and additives in the final polymer material. For this reason, suspension polymerization processes are suitable to produce polymer resins for biotechnological and medical applications. The main objective of this work is to discuss the fundamental aspects of suspension polymerization processes, focusing upon the effects of the main process variables on the performance of suspension polymerizations. Additionally, it is shown that near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be useful for monitoring and real time control of suspension processes, allowing for production of polymer beads with controlled morphology.

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Section: Estabilizantes: Agentes De Suspensãounclassified

Uma revisão sobre os processos de polimerização em suspensão

2007

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“…In general, suspending agents fall into two categories. The first type comprise water‐soluble organic macromolecules, such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), sodium polymethacrylate, and so on . The second type comprise inorganic suspending agents, such as calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, talcum powder, and so on .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

Cunwei

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Suspension polymerization in the presence of graphite has been studied in order to determine the effects of some operational parameters on the particle size distribution (PSD). The results showed that, with increasing graphite content, the particle size of the polystyrene/graphite (PS/G) beads increased. Moreover, instability of the suspension polymerization system was found at high amounts of graphite. With increasing initiator concentration, the particle size of the polymer beads increased and the PSD became slightly narrower. Changing the concentration of the suspending agent proved to be an efficient way of controlling the particle size, although its increase led to a broadening of the PSD. Adding the suspending agent in two portions at different times decreased the particle size, maintained a lower concentration of suspending agent, and kept the suspension polymerization system stable. Adjusting the stirring speed proved to be a very efficient means of manipulating the PSD of the PS/G composite beads. The Sauter mean diameter decreased and the PSD was broadened with increasing stirring speed; 400 rpm was identified as an appropriate value to obtain polystyrene/graphite beads with desirable particle size and distribution.

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“…The type of suspending agent was found to exert a strong influence on the shape and morphology of the polymer particles, as it also does in typical suspension polymerization processes. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The shape of the particles varied from regular to irregular and the surface varied from even and smooth to rough and uneven, depending on the type and HLB value of the suspending agent, as shown in Table I.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonaqueous polymerization of vinyl chloride: An environmentally friendly process

Georgiadou

Thomas

Gilbert

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is produced via a nonaqueous polymerization process in which hexane is used as a diluent. This nonaqueous process can lead to significant energy savings, significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, and the elimination of wastewater. Various suspending agents have been used to evaluate their effects on the shape and morphology of PVC grains. The nonaqueous process leads to the formation of PVC grains with higher porosity than that of typical suspension PVC. The bulk density is slightly lower than that of suspension PVC, but the thermal stability seems to be similar.

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Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate using ammonium polymethacrylate as a suspending agent

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Uma revisão sobre os processos de polimerização em suspensão

Uma revisão sobre os processos de polimerização em suspensão

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

Nonaqueous polymerization of vinyl chloride: An environmentally friendly process

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