Suspended-sediment transport in the Seine estuary, France: Effect of man-made modifications on estuary—shelf sedimentology

Avoine, Jacques; Allen, George P.; Nichols, Maynard M.; Salomon, Jean-Claude; Larsonneur, Claude

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(81)90046-3

Cited by 84 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The mouth of the Seine River estuary (France) has been undergoing significant morphological changes for several decades mainly due to engineering works aimed at improving access to Rouen and Le Havre harbours (Avoine et al, 1981). One important feature of the area is a progradation of the lower estuary (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling sand/mud transport and morphodynamics in the Seine river mouth (France): an attempt using a process-based approach

et al. 2007

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The mouth of the Seine River estuary (France) has undergone marked morphological evolution over several decades mainly due to engineering works aimed at improving access to Rouen and Le Havre harbours. The intertidal areas are decreasing in size and the lower estuary is accumulating sediment and prograding. In order to understand and better describe the major morphological behaviours of the estuary, a morphodynamic numerical model was developed within the Seine-Aval program. At the end of the 1st part of the research program, a validated fine sediment transport model (3D) was available (Le Hir et al., 2001b). As the present morphological study addresses medium-term issues (a few decades), and because of the need to investigate impacts of local structures or events, we chose to use the so-called ''process-based approach'' starting from the existing model. First, the existing model was upgraded to account for (suspended) sand transport, and to achieve coupling between morphological changes and sediment transport. Erodability of the sediment accounts for the respective proportions of mud and sand. Simulations starting from an arbitrary surficial sediment cover show that the model is able to reproduce realistic sediment patterns. For example, it is able to change the sediment nature on the intertidal flat near Le Havre from sand to mud. Observed structures of suspended sediment are also reproduced: fine particles mainly follow the turbidity maximum whereas significant concentrations of sand grains in suspension are found where the hydrodynamic stresses are intense. Concerning morphodynamics, simulations with real forcing over one year are discussed. The effect of waves on the bathymetric evolution of the mouth is shown and the sensitivity of morphodynamics to the coupling procedure is tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling sand/mud transport and morphodynamics in the Seine river mouth (France): an attempt using a process-based approach

et al. 2007

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“…Water quality monitoring is all the more needed in major estuaries hosting large urban areas and important industrial activities where the transfer of suspended material from terrestrial to oceanic ecosystems is significantly affected by land-use changes [1] and anthropogenic contamination [2,3]. Amongst other environmental issues, suspended particulate matter (SPM) transport and accumulation have direct and indirect effects on aquatic ecosystems and human activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sentinel-2 High Resolution Remote Sensing of Suspended Particulate Matter in Very Turbid Waters: SPOT4 (Take5) Experiment in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries

et al. 2015

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At the end of the SPOT4 mission, a four-month experiment was conducted in 2013 to acquire high spatial (20 m) and high temporal (5 days) resolution satellite data. In addition to the SPOT4 (Take5) dataset, we used several Landsat5, 7, 8 images to document the variations in suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration in the turbid Gironde and Loire estuaries (France). Satellite-derived SPM concentration was validated using automated in situ turbidity measurements from two monitoring networks. The combination of a multi-temporal atmospheric correction method with a near-infrared to visible ), at an accuracy sufficient to detect the maximum turbidity zone (MTZ) in both estuaries. Such a multi-sensor approach can be applied to high spatial resolution satellite archives and to the new ESA Sentinel-2 mission. It offers a promising framework to study the response of estuarine ecosystems to global changes at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution.

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“…In consequence, the transport and entrapment processes in the fresh-saltwater mixing region have been the subject of many studies for almost a century. The ETM is a well-documented feature and its widespread occurrence has been confirmed by studies in many estuaries: Chesapeake Bay (Schubel 1968), Columbia River (Gelfenbaum 1983;Jay and Musiak 1994), Demerara River (Postma 1967), Ems River (Postma 1967), Elbe River (Grabemann et al 1995(Grabemann et al , 1996Kappenberg and Grabemann 2001), Fly River (Wolanski et al 1995), Gironde Estuary (Allen et al 1980), Hudson River (Geyer et al 1998(Geyer et al , 2001Orton and Kineke 2001), Humber-Ouse-Trent (Uncles et al 2006), Kennebec Bay (Kistner and Pettigrew 2001), Mekong River (Wolanski et al 1996), Seine River (Avoine et al 1981;Brennon and Le Hir 1998), Tamar Estuary (Uncles et al 1985(Uncles et al , 1994Stephens 1989, 1993a,b), Tay River (Weir and McManus 1987), Weser River (Wellershaus 1981;Grabemann et al 1997), Winyah Bay (Patchineelam and Kjerfve 2004), and York River (Lin and Kuo 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effects of the Internal Flow Structure on SPM Entrapment in the Rotterdam Waterway

Nijs

Winterwerp

Pietrzak

2010

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Field measurements are presented, which are the first to quantify the processes influencing the entrapment of suspended particulate matter (SPM) at the limit of saltwater intrusion in the Rotterdam Waterway. The estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) is shown to be maintained by the trapping of fluvial SPM at the head of the salt wedge. The trapping process is associated with the raining out of fluvial SPM from the upper, fresher part of the water column, into the layer below the pycnocline. The dominant mechanisms responsible are baroclinic shear flows and the abrupt change in turbulent mixing characteristics due to damping of turbulence at the pycnocline. This view contrasts with the assumption of landward transport of marine SPM by asymmetries in bed stress. The SPM transport capacity of the tidal flow is not fully utilized in the ETM, and the ETM is independent of a bed-based supply of mud. This is explained by regular exchange of part of the ETM with harbor basins, which act as efficient sinks, and that the Rotterdam Waterway is not a complete fluvial SPM trap. The supply of SPM by the freshwater discharge ensures that the ETM is maintained over time. Hence, the ETM is an advective phenomenon. Relative motion between SPM and saltwater occurs because of lags introduced by resuspension. Moreover, SPM that lags behind the salt wedge after high water slack (HWS) is eventually recollected at the head. Hence, SPM follows complex transport pathways and the mechanisms involved in trapping and transport of SPM are inherently three-dimensional.

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Suspended-sediment transport in the Seine estuary, France: Effect of man-made modifications on estuary—shelf sedimentology

Cited by 84 publications

References 2 publications

Modelling sand/mud transport and morphodynamics in the Seine river mouth (France): an attempt using a process-based approach

Modelling sand/mud transport and morphodynamics in the Seine river mouth (France): an attempt using a process-based approach

Toward Sentinel-2 High Resolution Remote Sensing of Suspended Particulate Matter in Very Turbid Waters: SPOT4 (Take5) Experiment in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries

The Effects of the Internal Flow Structure on SPM Entrapment in the Rotterdam Waterway

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