Suspended sediment monitoring in a fluvial environment: Advantages and limitations applying an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

Measuring Suspended Sediment

“…The acoustic sediment surrogate methods used primarily in fluvial systems begins with Urick's (1975) sonar equation and has been used by several authors (Thevenot and Kraus, 1993;Reichel and Nachtnebel, 1994;Gartner, 2004;Wall et al, 2006;Topping et al, 2007). The sonar equation is written in logarithmic units of decibels as:…”

Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

“…Target strength, TS, is determined by the amount and nature of the particles in suspension and by the dimensions of the ensonified volume (NDRC, 1946;Urick, 1975;Reichel and Nachtnebel, 1994). Much research has been completed on the acoustic scattering effects of individual and, later, concentrations of particles in suspension (Rayleigh, 1896;NDRC, 1946;Anderson, 1950;Hickling, 1962;Urick, 1975;Sheng and Hay, 1988;Hay, 1991;Hay and Sheng, 1992;Thorne and Campbell, 1992;He and Hay, 1993;Thorne and others, 1993Thorne and others, , 1995Thorne and others, , 1997Thorne and Hanes, 2002;Thorne and Buckingham, 2004;Thorne and Meral, 2008;Moore and Hay, 2009).…”

A study of the climate change impacts on fluvial flood propagation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

“…The study concluded that, given the above mentioned conditions, there could be a possible increase of flooding events during wet season, while there will be more periods of water shortage in the dry season. The maximum monthly flow, on the Mekong river is estimated to increase by 35 to 41 %, and by 16 to 19 % in the delta, with lower values estimated for the years 2010 to 2038 and higher values for the 2070 to 2099 (Hoanh et al, 2010;Västilä et al, 2010). The same studies estimate a decline in the minimum monthly flows, by 17 to 24 % in the basin, and by 26 to 29 % in the delta.…”