Suspended Particulate Loading on the Macrobenthos in a Highly Turbid Fjord: Knight Inlet, British Columbia

Farrow, George E.; Syvitski, James P. M.; Tunnicliffe, Verena

doi:10.1139/f83-289

Cited by 108 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Shallow mud habitats 893 can be found in quiescent bays surrounded by rocky headlands, and in wave and current 894 protected estuaries with either low freshwater flow or where there is heavy glacial silt in runoff 895 (i.e. estuaries of mainland fjords; see Farrow et al, 1983). 896 40 897 These are typically highly productive areas because they are within the euphotic zone, which 898 allows primary production as well as bacterial production on and within the sediments.…”

Section: Intertidal Habitats 571mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Knight Inlet, extremely high turbidity and seasonal vertical flux of glacial silt 528 from the two rivers that discharge into the head of the Inlet result in suspended matter 529 concentrations >100 mg/L and a delta slope sedimentation rate of 4 kg/m 2 /d in summer. As 530 commonly occurs in the mainland fjords, vertical flux and turbidity in Knight Inlet decrease 531 progressively down the Inlet (Farrow et al, 1983). In contrast, Jervis Inlet has very low 532 freshwater input and, thus, has remarkably clear water throughout the Inlet and at all depths 533 (www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/SCI/osap/projects/bcinlets/Jervis_Inlet_e.htm; observations from the 534 submersible PICES IV, Burd, unpublished data).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Inlet (Farrow et al, 1983;Tunnicliffe and Wilson, 1988) and at the famous Skookumchuk 331 Narrows opening into Jervis Inlet (Thomson, 1981). However, inlets with especially shallow sills 332 at the mouth tend to have low bottom currents in the deep basins located behind the sill, which 333 can lead to stagnation resulting in low dissolved oxygen levels in bottom waters and sediments 334 (Thomson, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…sea stars, nudibranchs, gastropods, 1535 amphipods), as well as 'surface film" grazers and attached forms (e.g. hydroids, small sponges, 1536 anemones) on the larger sediment particles (see Farrow et al, 1983). 1537 1538 An example of mid-depth coarse habitats is the sill of Knight Inlet, which is located immediately 1539 north of the SoG.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1537 1538 An example of mid-depth coarse habitats is the sill of Knight Inlet, which is located immediately 1539 north of the SoG. The Knight Inlet sill is also a tidal channel, with coarse sand, gravel and large 1540 boulders which can be moved by the strong tidal currents (see Farrow et al, 1983). Tunnicliffe 1541 and Syvitski (1983) describe how large gorgonian corals attached to boulders provide "windage" 1542 which contributes to the transport of boulders in this area.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A review of subtidal benthic habitats and invertebrate biota of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

Burd¹,

Barnes²,

Wright³

et al. 2008

Marine Environmental Research

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33The initial phase of a collaborative Ambient Monitoring Program (AMP) for the Strait of 34 Georgia (SoG) (Marine Environmental Research Vol. x, pp. ) has focused on the benthos, 35 sedimentary regimes, organic and contaminant cycling in subtidal regions of the strait. As part 36 of that project, we review the primarily subtidal benthic invertebrate faunal communities found 37 in the SoG, with particular reference to habitats and sediment conditions. This topic has not been 38 addressed in the primary literature for over 20 years. Benthic biota are the baseline sentinels of 39 the influence of natural and anthropogenic inputs to sediments. They are also a fundamental 40 component of the food chain at the seafloor, and their community ecology must be clearly 41 understood in order to predict how anthropogenic activities and climate change will affect our 42 coastal oceans. The purpose of this review is to provide context on habitats and biota in the SoG, 43 and to highlight topics and geographic areas where our knowledge of the benthos is limited or 44 lacking. 45 46

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Section: Intertidal Habitats 571mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A review of subtidal benthic habitats and invertebrate biota of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

Burd¹,

Barnes²,

Wright³

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Marine Environmental Research

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Modern deposition rates and patterns of organic carbon burial in Fiordland, New Zealand

Ramirez

Bianchi

Cui

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Fjords are disproportionately important for global organic carbon (OC) burial relative to their spatial extent and may be important in sequestering atmospheric CO2, providing a negative climate feedback. Within fjords, multiple locally variable delivery mechanisms control mineral sediment deposition, which in turn modulates OC burial. Sediment and OC sources in Fiordland, New Zealand, include terrigenous input at fjord heads, sediment reworking over fjord‐mouth sills, and landslide events from steep fjord walls. Box cores were analyzed for sedimentary texture, sediment accumulation rate, and OC content to evaluate the relative importance of each delivery mechanism. Sediment accumulation was up to 3.4 mm/yr in proximal and distal fjord areas, with lower rates in medial reaches. X‐radiograph and 210Pb stratigraphy indicate mass wasting and surface‐sediment bioturbation throughout the fjords. Sediment accumulation rates are inversely correlated with %OC. Spatial heterogeneity in sediment depositional processes and rates is important when evaluating OC burial within fjords.

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Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

Lee

Locat

Desgagnés

et al. 2007

Continental Margin Sedimentation

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Submarine landslides can be important mechanisms for transporting sediment down sloping seabeds. They occur when stresses acting downslope exceed the available strength of the seabed sediments. Landslides occur preferentially in particular environments, including fjords, active river deltas, submarine canyons, volcanic islands and, to a lesser extent, the open continental slope. Evaluating the relative stability of different seabeds requires an understanding of driving stresses and sediment strength. Stresses can be caused by gravity, earthquakes and storm waves. Resisting strength can be reduced by pore water and gas pressures, groundwater seepage, rapid sediment deposition, cyclic loading and human activity. Once slopes have become unstable or have failed, strength may continue to decrease, leading to sediment debris flows and possibly turbidity currents. Recent submarine landslide research has: shown that landslides and sediment waves may generate similar deposits, which require careful interpretation; expanded our knowledge of how strength develops in marine sediment; improved techniques for predicting sediment rheology; and developed methodologies for mapping and predicting the medium-to large-scale regional occurrence of submarine landslides.

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Suspended Particulate Loading on the Macrobenthos in a Highly Turbid Fjord: Knight Inlet, British Columbia

Cited by 108 publications

References 34 publications

A review of subtidal benthic habitats and invertebrate biota of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

A review of subtidal benthic habitats and invertebrate biota of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

Modern deposition rates and patterns of organic carbon burial in Fiordland, New Zealand

Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

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