Suspended-matter particle size in some West-European estuaries; part II: A review on floc formation and break-up

Eisma, D.; Bernard, P.; Cadée, Gerhard C.; Ittekkot, V.; Kalf, J.; Laane, R.W.P.M.; Martin, Jean Marie; Mook, W.G.; Put, A. Van; Schuhmacher, T.

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(91)90018-v

Cited by 71 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The observed increase in the POC : PIC ratio is in good agreement with the inverse relation between percent POC and total SPM found by Hickel (1984) and Liebezeit et al (1994) in the German Wadden Sea. A higher percent POC frequently has been found during slack water in tidally affected coastal areas when heavy inorganic particles settle out and large aggregates form (Eisma and Li 1993;van Leussen and Cornelisse 1993;Liebezeit et al 1994;McCandliss et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors controlling suspended matter and microbial dynamics-Sediment resuspension: Sedimentation and resuspension of particulate matter are the most characteristic features of the Wadden Sea (Eisma et al 1991). Both processes are greatly controlled by current velocity, which in turn is controlled by tides, wind, or both (van Leussen 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying tidal cycles in the Ems estuary, van Leussen (1996) found SPM maxima and minima when current speed was highest and lowest, respectively. Changes in particle size distribution, with largest particles occurring around high and low tide (Eisma and Li 1993), result in frequent changes of the biogeochemical composition of SPM throughout each tidal cycle (van Leussen 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tidal dynamics of dissolved and particulate matter and bacteria in a tidal flat ecosystem in spring and fall

Grossart

Martens

Duerselen

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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Tidal flat ecosystems are highly dynamic environments with tremendous short-term and long-term changes in physical, chemical, and biological properties. We measured salinity, temperature, oxygen, dry weight (dry wt), inorganic (PIC) and organic carbon (POC) fractions of suspended particulate matter (SPM), and chlorophyll a (Chl a); counted numbers of free-living and particle-associated bacteria; and measured dissolved amino acids and carbohydrates, and ectoenzymatic activities throughout tidal cycles in the Spiekeroog tidal flat system of the German Wadden Sea in November 1999 and May 2000. Bacterial production was measured only in May 2000. In November, high sediment resuspension, as indicated by increased amounts of SPM, PIC, and POC, mainly controlled bacterial dynamics and led to enhanced numbers of aggregate-associated bacteria. In contrast, in May, phytoplankton-related processes mainly influenced bacterial dynamics. Increased concentrations of oxygen, Chl a, and dissolved combined neutral monosaccharides resulted in high numbers of free-living bacteria, elevated ␤-glucosidase activities, and high bacterial production rates. The introduction of foreign water masses, either from the open North Sea or adjacent tidal basins, as reflected by different signatures of SPM and the mole percent composition of particulate combined amino acids, appeared to be a regular event in this highly dynamic system and rapidly changed physical, chemical, and biological processes.Tidal flats are among the most productive ecosystems in the world and exhibit great biodiversity. They constitute unique interfaces between land and sea and are strongly influenced by interactions between physicochemical and biological processes. Sandbanks, reefs, and islands near the coast reduce the kinetic energy from the open sea, thus increasing the deposition of sand and clay particles and fine particulate organic material in these ecosystems (Dittmann 1999). Tidal flats comprise substances of terrestrial, limnetic, and marine origin. Strong currents and shallow water depths AcknowledgmentsWe appreciate the technical assistance and hospitality of the RV Senckenberg crew and of Birgit Kürzel and Rolf Weinert for dry wt and Chl a analyses. We are grateful to Kirsten Pohlmann for performing statistical analyses, to Mirko Lunau for salt corrections of dry wt and many stimulating suggestions and discussions, and to Rainer Reuter and Frank Terjung for providing the CTD probe. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Tidal dynamics of dissolved and particulate matter and bacteria in a tidal flat ecosystem in spring and fall

Grossart

Martens

Duerselen

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…On the other hand, ocean color satellite observations are very scarce at best and therefore not exploitable in April and May, months usually associated with high river runoff and breakup of the stamukha and thus potentially associated with a maximum solid discharge into the delta. Moreover, the mean SPM concentrations obtained from satellite data vary slightly depending on the limits of the geographical zone in which the average is computed, as fine particles in suspension in the river freshwaters rapidly form flocs or aggregates as soon the water salinity becomes positive (Eisma et al, 1991). Therefore, suspended particles rapidly settle when they enter the delta zone, which leads to a lower concentration within the upper layer of the water column measured by the ocean color sensor.…”

Section: Doxaran Et Al: a 50 % Increase In The Mass Of Terrestriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A 50 % increase in the mass of terrestrial particles delivered by the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic Ocean) over the last 10 years

Doxaran

Devred²,

Babin³

2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Global warming has a significant impact on the regional scale on the Arctic Ocean and surrounding coastal zones (i.e., Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia). The recent increase in air temperature has resulted in increased precipitation along the drainage basins of Arctic rivers. It has also directly impacted land and seawater temperatures with the consequence of melting permafrost and sea ice. An increase in freshwater discharge by main Arctic rivers has been clearly identified in time series of field observations. The freshwater discharge of the Mackenzie River has increased by 25 % since 2003. This may have increased the mobilization and transport of various dissolved and particulate substances, including organic carbon, as well as their export to the ocean. The release from land to the ocean of such organic material, which has been sequestered in a frozen state since the Last Glacial Maximum, may significantly impact the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle as well as marine ecosystems.In this study we use 11 years of ocean color satellite data and field observations collected in 2009 to estimate the mass of terrestrial suspended solids and particulate organic carbon delivered by the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean). Our results show that during the summer period, the concentration of suspended solids at the river mouth, in the delta zone and in the river plume has increased by 46, 71 and 33 %, respectively, since 2003. Combined with the variations observed in the freshwater discharge, this corresponds to a more than 50 % increase in the particulate (terrestrial suspended particles and organic carbon) export from the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea.

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“…This interface presents higher sedimentation due to hydrodynamics and ionic strength changes that favor the formation of aggregates and flocs which increase settling velocity of particles (Eisma et al, 1980;Van Leussen, 1988;Eisma et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity Intrusion in the Guapimirim Estuary, Rio De Janeiro State, Brazil

Melo¹,

Neto²,

Vinzón³

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Geof.

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ABSTRACT. This work was conducted in the Guapimirim estuary, the main tributary of the Guanabara Bay. This system is located in a preserved area in the catchment basin of the bay, inside the Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area. The estuary presents a meandering channel with 3 meters mean depth. The aim of this work is to evaluate the salinity intrusion dynamics in response to the tide and freshwater discharge, as well as its effects on the water column structure and residence time. Surveys were performed to assess the salinity structure along the estuary main channel under different freshwater discharges (dry and rainy period) and tide (neap and spring). The results showed significant differences in the water column structure, presenting high stratification in neap tide and conditions homogeneous in spring tide. The salinity front (SF) showed a bigger displacement in the spring tide. Under highly stratified conditions, in neap tide, its displacement was bigger with smaller tidal amplitude. The location of SF inside of the estuary, in the high water, was influenced manly by freshwater discharge. The residence time in the Guapimirim estuary was longer in neap tide and dry period, presenting a good relationship with freshwater discharge.Keywords: Guapimirim estuary, salinity intrusion, residence time.RESUMO. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no estuário de Guapimirim, principal tributário da Baía de Guanabara. Este sistema se localiza em umaárea ainda preservada na bacia de drenagem da baía, dentro daÁrea de Proteção Ambiental de Guapimirim. O estuário apresenta um canal meandrante com uma profundidade média de 3 metros. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar a dinâmica da intrusão salina em resposta a atuação dos processos físicos como a vazão fluvial e a maré, assim como, sua consequência na estrutura da coluna d'água e tempo de residência. Foram realizados levantamentos sobre a estrutura salina ao longo do canal principal do estuário em diferentes condições de vazão fluvial (período seco e chuvoso) e maré (quadratura e sizígia). Os resultados mostraram diferenças marcantes na estrutura da coluna d'água sendo estratificado em maré de quadratura e mais homogêneo em maré de sizígia. A frente salina apresentou um maior deslocamento em maré de sizígia.Em condições de alta estratificação, em maré de quadratura, o maior deslocamento da frente salina esteve associado a uma menor amplitude da maré. A vazão fluvial foi o principal processo físico que atuou no alcance máximo da frente salina. O tempo de residência de uma parcela deágua dentro do estuário de Guapimirim foi maior em condição de maré de quadratura e em período seco, apresentando boa relação com a vazão fluvial.Palavras-chave: estuário de Guapimirim, intrusão salina, tempo de residência.

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Suspended-matter particle size in some West-European estuaries; part II: A review on floc formation and break-up

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

Tidal dynamics of dissolved and particulate matter and bacteria in a tidal flat ecosystem in spring and fall

Tidal dynamics of dissolved and particulate matter and bacteria in a tidal flat ecosystem in spring and fall

A 50 % increase in the mass of terrestrial particles delivered by the Mackenzie River into the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic Ocean) over the last 10 years

Salinity Intrusion in the Guapimirim Estuary, Rio De Janeiro State, Brazil

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