Suspended Manufacture of Biological Structures

Moxon, Samuel R.; Cooke, Megan E.; Cox, Sophie C.; Snow, Martyn; Jeys, Lee; Jones, Simon W.; Smith, Alan M.; Grover, Liam M.

doi:10.1002/adma.201605594

Cited by 101 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…3D bioprinting using ALM has become a useful approach for creating structures with a greater level of complexity than traditional processing methods, such as casting, with some degree of control over the distribution of biological material throughout the structure . While ALM of hard materials is relatively mature and adopted by a number of industries, ALM of soft mateials remains challenging.…”

Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently developed a technique that overcomes some of the issues associated with additive layer manufacturing when using low‐viscosity materials, allowing them to be used as a bioink to create relatively complex soft‐solid structures . This was achieved by extruding a gelling biopolymer solution into a self‐healing fluid‐gel matrix, which suspends the fragile printed construct in the liquid state to prevent flow and thus retaining the deposited morphology.…”

Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, as the printed construct remained in the liquid state, it was possible to build the construct layer by layer and interface two different materials with dissimilar mechanical properties, creating a structure with distinct regions of anisotropic physical behavior. To demonstrate the potential for clinical application of the technique, we created a structure that recapitulated the osteochondral region as directed by microcomputed tomography (CT) imaging …”

Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2018

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The development of new materials for clinical use is limited by an onerous regulatory framework, which means that taking a completely new material into the clinic can make translation economically unfeasible. One way to get around this issue is to structure materials that are already approved by the regulator, such that they exhibit very distinct physical properties and can be used in a broader range of clinical applications. Here, the focus is on the structuring of soft materials at multiple length scales by modifying processing conditions. By applying shear to newly forming materials, it is possible to trigger molecular reorganization of polymer chains, such that they aggregate to form particles and ribbon-like structures. These structures then weakly interact at zero shear forming a solid-like material. The resulting self-healing network is of particular use for a range of different biomedical applications. How these materials are used to allow the delivery of therapeutic entities (cells and proteins) and as a support for additive layer manufacturing of larger-scale tissue constructs is discussed. This technology enables the development of a range of novel materials and structures for tissue augmentation and regeneration.

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Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2018

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“…39,42 One exciting research is the simultaneous solidification of bioinks during the bioprinting process, taking the advantages of the Schiff base crosslinking between the carbohydrazide-modified gelatin bioink and oxidized alginate medium (with aldehyde moieties) suspending the gelatin microgels. 43 As an alternative to gelatin, there are other granular hydrogel supporting baths that are made of agarose, 44 gellan, 45,46 or alginate. 47,48 Those materials are cytocompatible, easy to remove without leaving significant amount residues, and not interfere with the printed cells or materials.…”

Section: Biocompatible Natural Polymers Based Granular Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One attempt using agarose granular hydrogels as a "bed" gives the production of multiple cell structures of closely defined morphology, mechanical properties, and chemistry. 44 The scaffolds are potentially able to produce the osteochondral plugs for the augmentation of fullthickness cartilage defects. For gellan granular hydrogels, they could supply crosslinking agent of the enzyme to the printed precursors for hydrogel mild crosslinking.…”

Section: Biocompatible Natural Polymers Based Granular Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular hydrogels for 3D bioprinting applications

Cheng

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

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Granular hydrogels are the conglomerations of micrometer‐sized hydrogel particles that have recently become promising in tissue growth and three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Recent advances in the use of jamming transition of granular hydrogels represent a potential paradigm shift in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. These dynamic granular hydrogels are shear thinning and self‐healing, enable higher printing performance, and the creation of better physiological conditions for heterocellular constructs. Here, we review the current efforts to explore materials to produce granular hydrogels with novel functional properties, focusing on the granular hydrogels that can be used for supporting baths and bioinks in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. The recent advances, benefits, and challenges in this emerging area are highlighted.

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Fabrication of Complex Hydrogel Structures Using Suspended Layer Additive Manufacturing (SLAM)

Senior

Cooke

Grover

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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There have been a number of recently reported approaches for the manufacture of complex 3D printed cell-containing hydrogels. Given the fragility of the parts during manufacturing, the most successful approaches use a supportive particulate gel bed and have enabled the production of complex gel structures previously unattainable using other 3D printing methods. The supporting gel bed provides protection to the fragile printed part during the printing process, preventing the structure from collapsing under its own weight prior to crosslinking. Despite the apparent similarity of the particulate beds, the way the particles are manufactured strongly influences how they interact with one another and the part during fabrication, with implications to the quality of the final product. Recently, the process of suspended layer additive manufacture (SLAM) is demonstrated to create a structure that recapitulated the osteochondral region by printing into an agarose particulate gel. The manufacturing process for this gel (the application of shear during gelation) produced a self-healing gel with rapid recovery of its elastic properties following disruption. Here, the physical characteristics of the supporting fluid-gel matrix used in SLAM are explored, and compared to other particulate gel supporting beds, highlighting its potential for producing complex hydrogel-based parts.

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Suspended Manufacture of Biological Structures

Cited by 101 publications

References 39 publications

Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications

Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications

Granular hydrogels for 3D bioprinting applications

Fabrication of Complex Hydrogel Structures Using Suspended Layer Additive Manufacturing (SLAM)

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