Suspended Alexandrium spp. hypnozygote cysts in the Gulf of Maine

Kirn, Sarah L.; Townsend, David W.; Pettigrew, Neal R.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.009

Cited by 37 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Holoplanktonic species, such as Ctenophora, Siphonophora, Tunicata, and some Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa, tend to perform life history adjustments, whereas meroplanktonic species with benthic stages, such as most Scyphozoa, Cubozoa and Hydrozoa, adopt life cycle adjustments. This is particularly true for coastal and neritic organisms (whose life cycles are known), but the hypothesis that suspended resting stages produced by open-water gelatinous metazoans may occur in the water column, as shown for phytoplankton cysts (Kirn et al 2005), cannot be rejected a priori. In both cases (life cycle and life history adjustments), massive occurrences can be regularly spaced in time, with alternating periods of abundance and scarcity, but they are usually irregular with variable lags between successive peaks.…”

Section: Life Cycles and Life Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In near-shore habitats both phyto-and zooplankton rely on benthic resting stages to survive the intervals between favourable periods and trigger new seasonal blooms (Boero et al 1996, Marcus & Boero 1998. However, oceanic dinoflagellates with reduced dormancy periods can also produce cysts (Meier et al 2007), since resting stages can equally act as kernels of annual populations when suspended in the water column (Kirn et al 2005). Thus, plankton ecology must highly regard both life cycle and life history patterns (Giangrande et al 1994) in gaining an understanding of seasonal dynamics and blooms of plankters.…”

Section: Plankton Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)

Boero

Bouillon²,

Gravili³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

339

229

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In spite of being one of the most relevant components of the biosphere, the plankton-benthos network is still poorly studied as such. This is partly due to the irregular occurrence of driving phenomena such as gelatinous plankton pulses in this realm. Gelatinous plankters rely on their life cycles and histories to exploit temporarily abundant resources with an undeniable, but often overlooked, impact on marine food webs. Dramatic increases of gelatinous filter-feeders and/or carnivores (both native and nonindigenous species) are frequently observed, and explanations of these blooms alternatively invoke ecosystem variability, climate change, unspecified anthropogenic perturbation or removal of top predators from trophic networks. Gelatinous plankters, however, are not anomalies in plankton dynamics: the recognition of the ecological importance of their pulses, based on their life cycle patterns (often involving benthic stages), is a critical breakthrough to understand the cycling diversity of plankton in space and time. The current study focuses on the many neglected aspects of the ecology and biology of gelatinous zooplankton, describes how life cycle patterns are central in marine ecology, as are the pulses of gelatinous organisms, and highlights how such a dramatic lack of knowledge can affect our understanding of the marine ecosystem as a whole.

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Section: Life Cycles and Life Historiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plankton Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)

Boero

Bouillon²,

Gravili³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

339

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A variety of stains that fluoresce green under excitation by light has been widely adopted or proposed to measure the viability, physiological state, or the presence of microalgae, including studies of phytoplankton apoptosis (12,31), population dynamics (14,29,30), enumeration of dinoflagellate cysts in marine sediment (1,2,3,18,22,23,33), microzooplankton grazing (15,16,21), pollutant stresses on algal cells (4,19), metabolic activity of algae (10), and efficacy testing of ballast water treatment technologies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Autofluorescence in Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, and Other Microalgae and Its Implications for Vital Staining and Morphological Studies

Tang

Dobbs

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Green autofluorescence (GAF) has been described in the short flagellum of golden and brown algae, the stigma of Euglenophyceae, and cytoplasm of different life stages of dinoflagellates and is considered by some researchers a valuable taxonomic feature for dinoflagellates. In addition, green fluorescence staining has been widely proposed or adopted to measure cell viability (or physiological state) in areas such as apoptosis of phytoplankton, pollutant stresses on algae, metabolic activity of algae, and testing treatment technologies for ships' ballast water. This paper reports our epifluorescence microscopic observations and quantitative spectrometric measurements of GAF in a broad phylogenetic range of microalgae. Our results demonstrate GAF is a common feature of dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria, and raphidophytes, occurs in the cytoplasm and particularly in eyespots, accumulation bodies, spines, and aerotopes, and is caused by molecules other than chlorophyll. GAF intensity increased with time after cell death or fixation and with excitation by blue or UV light and was affected by pH. GAF of microalgae may be only of limited value in taxonomy. It can be strong enough to interfere with the results of green fluorescence staining, particularly when stained samples are observed microscopically. GAF is useful, however, for microscopic study of algal morphology, especially to visualize cellular components such as eyespots, nucleus, aerotopes, spines, and chloroplasts. Furthermore, GAF can be used to visualize and enumerate dinoflagellate cysts in marine and estuarine sediments in the context of anticipating and monitoring harmful algal blooms and in tracking potentially harmful dinoflagellates transported in ships' ballast tanks.

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“…Resting cysts form during blooms and accumulate in the sediments (Anderson and Wall 1978;) and near-bottom waters (Kirn et al 2005;Pilskaln et al 2014;, where they remain until conditions are suitable for germination. The timing of germination has implications for whether a germling cell survives, divides, and reproduces in the given environment, and if it is part of the bloom inoculum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexandrium catenella cyst dynamics in a coastal embayment : temperature dependence of dormancy, germination, and bloom Initiation

Fischer¹

2017

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Suspended Alexandrium spp. hypnozygote cysts in the Gulf of Maine

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)

Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)

Green Autofluorescence in Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, and Other Microalgae and Its Implications for Vital Staining and Morphological Studies

Alexandrium catenella cyst dynamics in a coastal embayment : temperature dependence of dormancy, germination, and bloom Initiation

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