Susceptible period of socio-emotional development affected by constant exposure to daylight

Abstract

As a diurnal experimental primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has recently contributed to numerous kinds of studies of neurobiological psychiatry as an essential pre-clinical model. The marmoset matures sexually within one or two years after birth. Thus, we can observe how the primate learns and develops psycho-cognitive functions through experiences in experimental environment for a much shorter period compared to that of humans. Longer daylight exposure may affect psychological development of children. In our research, we focus on raising marmosets under constant daylight from birth until various ages. In order to quantitatively evaluate the development of higher-ordered psychological functions, we designed a system of socio-behavioral tests and multivariate correlation analysis methods based on principal component analysis. With reference to the call and typical body movement expressed during a particular social context, we statistically inferred the emotional features of the subjects. In the current literature, we review our published results showing increased alert behaviors by constant light, and then, attempted to extend our additional analysis to seek age-dependent susceptibility to constant light. We then present the neurobiological mechanisms with reference to previous research reports. The current review suggests possible existence of a susceptible period earlier than three to five month-old in the environment-induced developmental disorder model, supposedly like attention deficit hyperactive disorders (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Understanding autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders through experimental translational neurobehavioral models

“…Botom right section illustrates an ADHD-related zebrafish model based on morphants with rediced fucntion of lphn3.1 gene encoding latrophilin 3 (note overall baseline hyperactivity associated with impulsive-like acceleation bursts, accompanied by reduced and mislaced dopaminergic neurons in the ventral diencephalon) (Lange et al, 2012a, c). Panel E illustrates social and cognitive behavioral tests used in preclinical NDD models based on domestic chicks (Koshiba et al, 2013a;Koshiba et al, 2013c; and common marmosets Koshiba et al, 2011;Koshiba et al, 2015b;Koshiba et al, 2013b;Senoo et al, 2011;. Paralleling human clinical studies in preterm infants and juveniles (Koshiba et al, 2015a;Koshiba et al, 2013b; , such models can also enhance biomarker discovery.…”

“…For example, such analyses revealed important time windows around weaning, critical for establishing normal social and motor behaviors, also showing pathological hyperactivity in marmosets if reared without adequate social environment (Koshiba et al, 2013b). Light-induced disruption of the young marmoset circadian rhythm affects their adult behaviors, leading to more 'hyperactive' patterns of social and motor activity (Koshiba et al, 2015b;Senoo et al, 2011) (also see the link between marmoset emotional responses, body temperature ) and hormones (Koshiba et al, 2011), Fig. 2E).…”

Elderly Body Movement Alteration at 2nd Experience of Digital Art Installation with Cognitive and Motivation Scores

“…The plots, variance ellipses and shift vectors allowed us to generalize responses by feature per scene. Our results suggest the importance of intervention technology being designed that utilizes diverse testing to elicit individual variation, as well as the importance of repeat testing to allow understanding of time and conditional shift directions [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…It is important to note, however, that throughout the experiment the students attempted to communicate with the participants in a calm and consistent manner. Our study paradigm should be furthermore validated considering behavioral interactions between the participants and caregivers and students [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Marmoset neuroscience

“…Positron emission tomography imaging reveals a brain-molecular relationship during social behavior (Yokoyama and Onoe, 2015). The marmosets also provide an excellent model for the investigation of postnatal development during childhood (Koshiba et al, 2015) and parental behavior (Saito, 2015).…”