Susceptible conditions for debarking by deer in subalpine coniferous forests in central Japan

Iijima, Hayato; Nagaike, Takuo

doi:10.1186/s40663-015-0059-y

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Deciduous forest comprised broad-leaved species (e.g., Acer , Betula , and Quercus ) in 76% of area, and a coniferous species ( Larix kaempferi ) in 24% of the area ( Iijima and Nagaike 2015a ). In Yamanashi Prefecture, the population density of C. nippon had increased in recent years ( Iijima et al 2013 ), resulting in extensive debarking of trees ( Nagaike and Hayashi 2003 ; Iijima and Nagaike 2015b ) and browsing of understory vegetation in forests ( Iijima and Nagaike 2015a ) and subalpine grassland ( Nagaike 2012 ).…”

Section: Aterials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial heterogeneity in the carrying capacity of sika deer in Japan

Iijima¹,

Ueno²

2016

JMAMMAL

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Carrying capacity is 1 driver of wildlife population dynamics. Although in previous studies carrying capacity was considered to be a fixed entity, it may differ among locations due to environmental variation. The factors underlying variability in carrying capacity, however, have rarely been examined. Here, we investigated spatial heterogeneity in the carrying capacity of Japanese sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) from 2005 to 2014 in Yamanashi Prefecture, central Japan (mesh with grid cells of 5.5×4.6 km) by state-space modeling. Both carrying capacity and density dependence differed greatly among cells. Estimated carrying capacities ranged from 1.34 to 98.4 deer/km 2 . According to estimated population dynamics, grid cells with larger proportions of artificial grassland and deciduous forest were subject to lower density dependence and higher carrying capacity. We conclude that population dynamics of ungulates may vary spatially through spatial variation in carrying capacity and that the density level for controlling ungulate abundance should be based on the current density level relative to the carrying capacity for each area.

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Section: Aterials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial heterogeneity in the carrying capacity of sika deer in Japan

Iijima¹,

Ueno²

2016

JMAMMAL

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“…The study site was the whole of Yamanashi Prefecture, central Japan. In Yamanashi Prefecture, the population density of sika deer has increased in recent years (Iijima and Ueno 2016), resulting in extensive debarking of trees (Nagaike andHayashi 2003, Iijima andNagaike 2015b) and browsing of understory vegetation in forests (Iijima and Nagaike 2015a) and herbaceous grasses in subalpine grasslands (Nagaike 2012). The hunting season in Yamanashi Prefecture is from November to March, and registered hunters hunt sika deer by shooting or trapping (snaring the legs).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Landscape Components, Wildlife Behavior and Hunting Methods on Hunter Effort and Hunting Efficiency of Sika Deer

Iijima¹

2017

Wildlife Biology

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“…A few studies have indicated the existence of genetic variation in needle herbivory by mammals [22,[27][28][29] but not for bark damage. Mammalian bark stripping has been reported on various conifers, including Pinus radiata, where it impacts the forest industry through its effect on growth, reproduction, and survival as well as its effect on the timber quality resulting from wood decay [6,[30][31][32]. However, most studies of mammalian bark stripping in conifers have been undertaken at the phenotypic level, and at this stage there are no studies at the genetic level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Genetic Variation in Bark Stripping of Pinus radiata

Nantongo

Potts

Fitzgerald

et al. 2020

Forests

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Bark stripping by mammals is a major problem for conifer forestry worldwide. In Australia, bark stripping in the exotic plantations of Pinus radiata is mainly caused by native marsupials. As a sustainable management option, we explored the extent to which natural variation in the susceptibility of P. radiata is under genetic control and is thus amenable to genetic improvement. Bark stripping was assessed at ages four and five years in two sister trials comprising 101 and 138 open-pollinated half-sib families. A third younger trial comprising 74 full-sib control-pollinated families was assessed at two and three years after planting. Significant additive genetic variation in bark stripping was demonstrated in all trials, with narrow-sense heritability estimates between 0.06 and 0.14. Within sites, the amount of additive genetic variation detected increased with the level of bark stripping. When strongly expressed across the two sister trials, the genetic signal was stable (i.e., there was little genotype × environment interaction). No significant non-additive effect (specific combining ability effect) on bark stripping was detected in the full-sib family trial, where it was estimated that up to 22.1% reduction in bark stripping might be achieved by selecting 20% of the less susceptible families. Physical traits that were genetically correlated, and likely influenced the amount of bark removed from the trees by the marsupials, appeared to depend upon tree age. In the older trials, these traits included bark features (presence of rough bark, rough bark height, and bark thickness), whereas in the younger trial where rough bark was not developed, it was the presence of obstructive branches or needles on the stem. In the younger trial, a positive genetic correlation between prior height and bark stripping was detected, suggesting that initially faster growing trees exhibit more bark stripping than slower growing trees but later develop rough bark faster and became less susceptible. While the presence of unexplained genetic variation after accounting for these physical factors suggests that other explanatory plant traits may be involved, such as chemical traits, overall the results indicate that selection for reduced susceptibility is possible, with potential genetic gains for deployment and breeding.

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Susceptible conditions for debarking by deer in subalpine coniferous forests in central Japan

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial heterogeneity in the carrying capacity of sika deer in Japan

Spatial heterogeneity in the carrying capacity of sika deer in Japan

The Effects of Landscape Components, Wildlife Behavior and Hunting Methods on Hunter Effort and Hunting Efficiency of Sika Deer

Quantitative Genetic Variation in Bark Stripping of Pinus radiata

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