Susceptibility to infection and pathogenicity of White Spot Disease (WSD) in non-model crustacean host taxa from temperate regions

Bateman, Kelly S.; Tew, I.; French, Christopher J.; Hicks, Rodney J.; Martin, P. de la. Esperanza; Munro, James; Stentiford, Grant D.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.022

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Nowadays, there is no known therapeutic treatment available to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of WSSV, and conducting a routine and intensive surveillance program in both brood-stock and larvae, based on appropriate diagnostic tests, as an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks in shrimp farming facilities, has been recommended [5,6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain assay for universal detection of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in marine crustaceans

Mendoza–Cano

Sánchez‐Paz

2013

Virol J

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BackgroundThe White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), the sole member of the family Whispoviridae, is the etiological agent that causes severe mortality events in wild and farmed shrimp globally. Given its adverse effects, the WSSV has been included in the list of notifiable diseases of the Office of International Epizootic (OIE) since 1997. To date there are no known therapeutic treatments available against this lethal virus, and a surveillance program in brood-stock and larvae, based on appropriate diagnostic tests, has been strongly recommended. However, some currently used procedures intended for diagnosis of WSSV may be particularly susceptible to generate spurious results harmfully impacting the shrimp farming industry.MethodsIn this study, a sensitive one-step SYBR green-based real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection and quantitation of WSSV was developed. The method was tested against several WSSV infected crustacean species and on samples that were previously diagnosed as being positive for WSSV from different geographical locations.ResultsA universal primer set for targeting the WSSV VP28 gene was designed. This method demonstrated its specificity and sensitivity for detection of WSSV, with detection limits of 12 copies per sample, comparable with the results obtained by other protocols. Furthermore, the primers designed in the present study were shown to exclusively amplify the targeted WSSV VP28 fragment, and successfully detected the virus in different samples regardless of their geographical origin. In addition, the presence of WSSV in several species of crustaceans, including both naturally and experimentally infected, were successfully detected by this method.ConclusionThe designed qPCR assay here is highly specific and displayed high sensitivity. Furthermore, this assay is universal as it allows the detection of WSSV from different geographic locations and in several crustacean species that may serve as potential vectors. Clearly, in many low-income import-dependent nations, where the growth of shrimp farming industries has been impressive, there is a demand for cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study may become an alternative molecular tool for a less expensive, rapid and efficient detection of WSSV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain assay for universal detection of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in marine crustaceans

Mendoza–Cano

Sánchez‐Paz

2013

Virol J

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“…It could ensure that each challenged crab received an equivalent dose of the virus and was technically less demanding, which was also widely used in challenge experiments (Bateman et al . ; Wang, Sun & Chan ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…); although, to date, there was no related report about the economic Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis , which have been proven to be highly susceptible to WSSV infection (Bateman et al . ), and infection in farmed populations is often associated with high mortalities (Ding et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial dynamics of white spot syndrome virus in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Ding

Wang²,

Zhu

et al. 2016

Aquac Res

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most severe viral pathogen to the crustacean aquaculture industry worldwide. Recently, serious WSSV outbreaks caused catastrophic losses in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. However, to date, little is known about its infection mechanism in the new natural host. This study aimed to reveal the temporal and spatial dynamics of WSSV in E. sinensis. The slow viral growth in the early stage of infection was the light infection stage (from 0 to 24 hpi), and the exponential growth stage that followed was the logarithmic phase (from 24 to 72 hpi). The viral growth curve ended with the plateau phase (from 72 to 144 hpi) which demonstrated a consistent high level of viral load and accompanied heavy crab mortality. The viral load increased as time progressed with similar growth curves, however, at different degrees. The viral copy numbers of tissues at different time intervals, analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed significant differences between tissues at all time points (P < 0.05). Infection was detectable as early as 6 hpi in all the tissues screened. The severity of infection was found to be maximum in gill and pleopods, which could be recommended for diagnostic testing. This study might provide important data to analyse theoretically the interaction between WSSV and the host.

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“…Stentiford and Neil (2011) have recently reviewed the diseases of Nephrops, the most well-known being the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. Transport of live crustaceans for sale or aquaculture may increase the chances of parasites being found in new hosts (Bateman et al, 2012), with additional risks potentially associated with climate change (Stentiford and Neil, 2011). Transport of live crustaceans for sale or aquaculture may increase the chances of parasites being found in new hosts (Bateman et al, 2012), with additional risks potentially associated with climate change (Stentiford and Neil, 2011).…”

Section: Overall Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat and Ecology of Nephrops norvegicus

Johnson

Lordan

Power

2013

Advances in Marine Biology

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Susceptibility to infection and pathogenicity of White Spot Disease (WSD) in non-model crustacean host taxa from temperate regions

Cited by 50 publications

References 49 publications

Development and validation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain assay for universal detection of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in marine crustaceans

Development and validation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain assay for universal detection of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in marine crustaceans

Temporal and spatial dynamics of white spot syndrome virus in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Habitat and Ecology of Nephrops norvegicus

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