Susceptibility to blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in apple cultivars adapted to a cool climate

Tahir, Ibrahim; Nybom, Hilde; Ahmadi-Afzadi, Masoud; Røen, K.; Sehic, Jasna; Røen, D.

doi:10.17660/ejhs.2015/80.3.4

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The present study was conducted on 5 Swedish-grown cider cultivars, with 5 dessert cultivars included for comparison in 2016 and 3 in 2017. One of the least damaged dessert cultivars in the present study, 'Olga', was among the most tolerant also in a previous two-year study of Swedish-grown apple cultivars (Tahir et al, 2015). In the same study, 'Bersis' and 'Ingrid Marie' were tolerant to medium susceptible, 'Elise' was medium susceptible while 'Luke' was medium to highly susceptible.…”

Section: Blue Mould Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Genes and QTLs for firmness and ripening have previously been found in the same region, and may be involved in this lower-level resistance. Thus, variation in blue mould lesion diameter is apparently associated with differences in fruit texture; above-average resistant dessert cultivars have comparatively high levels of fruit firmness at harvest and low levels of fruit softening (Ahmadi-Afzadi et al, 2013;Naeem-Abadi et al, 2014;Tahir et al, 2015). Number of analysed cultivars was, however, considerably smaller in the present study, and correlation coefficients were not significant in spite of indicating corresponding relationships.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Blue Mould Tolerancecontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Spoor¹,

Rumpunen²,

Sehic³

et al. 2019

European.J.Hortic.Sci

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Content of polyphenols in cider apples is of utmost importance; while procyanidins are the only true tannins, other phenolic compounds can act as precursors for cider aroma (Lea, 1995; Wojdylo, 2008). Moreover, human health effects have been indicated for some phenolic compounds in apple like phloridzin (Schulze et al., 2014). A thorough screening of the chemical contents of cider apple cultivars could therefore be used as a basis for developing more healthy beverages. A suitable level of acidity is required to obtain sufficient flavour and to avoid bacterial infection during the fermentation. To ensure sufficient fermentation, a comparatively high sugar content is also desirable. Most craft ciders are produced from a careful blend of cider and dessert cultivars, which together offer the desired levels of tannins, acid and sugar. Chemical content in dessert apple is affected by various environmental factors like orchard location and management (Tahir and Nybom, 2013). A similar environmental impact is expected for cider apples. In a recent trial with four English cider cultivars in Washington, USA, chemical content was compared to data obtained for the same cultivars when previously grown at Long Ashton in England (Alexander et al., 2016). Amount of tannins in the Washington-produced juice was almost halved compared to that in England, possibly due to differences in, e.g., rootstock, pruning, irrigation and fertilization. In addition, significant year-by-year variation in the Washington orchards could be attributed to weather conditions. Part of the fruit yield is usually lost during harvest and storage due to fungal diseases like blue mould, Penicillium expansum (Pianzzola et al., 2004). Commonly, harvesting in cider apple orchards consists of allowing the fruit to drop to the ground-sometimes after vigorous shaking of the trees. This procedure results in numerous potential entry points German Society for Horticultural Science Summary Craft apple cider is obtained by fermentation of juice from tannin-rich cider apple cultivars. Polyphenols in cider apples are very important; while procyanidins are the only true tannins, other phenolic compounds can act as precursors for cider aroma. Several recent studies have also reported that a high content of polyphenols in apple decreases susceptibility to the common storage rot blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum. Chemical content was determined in fruit of 19 Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars and 5 dessert apple cultivars in 2016. Inoculation with blue mould spores was undertaken in 2016 on 5 cider apple cultivars and 5 dessert apple cultivars, and repeated again in 2017 on 8 of these cultivars. Contrary to expectations, the cider apple cultivars were significantly more susceptible to blue mould in spite of their higher phenolics content. Although apparently unrelated to amount of phenols in the fruit of our study cultivars, heritability of blue mould susceptibility should be further investigated since all of the cider apples had one parent in common: 'James Griev...

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Section: Blue Mould Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Factors Involved In Blue Mould Tolerancecontrasting

confidence: 58%

Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Spoor¹,

Rumpunen²,

Sehic³

et al. 2019

European.J.Hortic.Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, typically, annotation processes and gene functional analyses are tedious and complicated. However, significant progress has been made in the determination of transcriptomic and proteomic factors that may lead to resistance in cultivated apples (Buron-Moles et al 2015a, b;Vilanova et al 2014), and several studies have provided data on genetically determined levels of resistance to P. expansum in apple cultivars (Ahmadi-Afzadi 2015; Tahir et al 2015), and wild apples (Janisiewicz et al 2016;Norelli et al 2014).…”

Section: Breeding For Resistant Cultivars To Postharvest Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent postharvest pathogens of pome fruit and their management: from single measures to a systems intervention approach

Wenneker

Thomma

2020

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Postharvest diseases of pome fruit are typically caused by a wide diversity of fungal pathogens, and the list of confirmed causal agents is still growing. There is considerable knowledge on the epidemiology of wound pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. In contrast, knowledge on the occurrence of the different postharvest diseases caused after latent (quiescent) infections during long-term storage and their epidemiology is limited. Well-known pathogens causing postharvest losses after latent infections are Neofabraea spp. and Colletotrichum spp., but in many cases the causal agents that occur in a specific region remain unknown and their control relies on the routine use of fungicide applications. However, due to the growing concern over the use of synthetic fungicides, alternative control measures are highly desired. Over the past years the use of physical treatments, natural compounds, and biocontrol agents have been investigated as alternatives. However, no single method has emerged that can robustly and reliably control postharvest diseases of pome fruit in practice. In this review it is argued to approach latent postharvest diseases as complex problems that require multiple interventions at different stages of the disease process in a systems intervention approach for their control. Such approach requires a deep understanding of the epidemiology of the causal agents in the orchard, fruit defence mechanisms against pathogens, and the molecular biology of host-pathogen interactions in order to develop novel disease control methods in which the deployment of resistant cultivars can be a cornerstone.

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“…This increase can be attributed to the fact that more and more breeding programs are seeking out new tools for the early selection of seedlings with enhanced resistance to pathogens. Several studies have provided data on genetically determined levels of resistance to B. cinerea in strawberry (Bestfleisch et al, 2015) and to P. expansum in in apple cultivars from Norway and Sweden (Ahmadi-Afzadi et al, 2015;Tahir et al, 2015); Mexico (Sandoval et al, 2014); and Kazakhstan (Jurick et al, 2011). Overall, all these studies should be used in breeding programs for selecting apple cultivars with a high level of resistance to fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Unravelling Fruit Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular aspects in pathogen-fruit interactions: Virulence and resistance

Tian

Torres

Ballester

et al. 2016

Postharvest Biology and Technology

146

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Fruit losses during postharvest storage and handling due to pathogen infections are one of the major problems in the global food chain supply. The application of chemical fungicides to control diseases is currently limited by legislation in some countries and also raises concerns about food and environmental safety. Exploring molecular aspects of pathogen-fruit interactions therefore has biological and economic significance as a means to help develop rational alternatives for disease control. In this review we present the current knowledge of molecular aspects in pathogen-fruit interactions, addressing the following topics: the application of new "omics" technologies for studying these interactions; the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogen attack; the regulation of virulence by exogenous factors; and, finally, fruit defense mechanisms.

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Susceptibility to blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in apple cultivars adapted to a cool climate

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Latent postharvest pathogens of pome fruit and their management: from single measures to a systems intervention approach

Molecular aspects in pathogen-fruit interactions: Virulence and resistance

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