Susceptibility to an inoculum of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in three batches of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)

Abstract

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of three different batches of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from Mexico to an inoculum of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Each of the three shrimp batches came from a different hatchery. Because of their origin, it was possible that the genetic makeup of these batches was different among each other. The three batches tested showed differences in IHHNV susceptibility. Here, susceptibility is defined as the capacity of the host to become infected, and it can be measured by the infectivity titer. Susceptibility to IHHNV was observed in decreasing order in shrimp from batch 1 (hatchery from El Rosario, Sinaloa), batch 3 (hatchery from Nayarit) and batch 2 (hatchery from El Walamo, Sinaloa), respectively. The largest susceptibility difference between batches was 5012 times, and that between early and late juveniles from the same batch was 25 times. These results indicate that within a species, susceptibility to a pathogen such as IHHNV can have large differences. Susceptibility to pathogens is an important trait to consider before performing studies on pathogenesis. It may influence virological parameters such as speed of replication, pathogenicity and virus titer. In order to evaluate the potential use of IHHNV as a natural control agent against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), it is necessary to know host susceptibility and the kinetics of IHHNV infection. These features can help to determine the conditions in which IHHNV could be used as antagonist in a WSSV infection.

Transcriptomic analysis of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals insights into immune development in their early life stages

“…In shrimp, AHPND causes severe mortality in early stages of shrimp including P. monodon 12 – 14 . Additionally, the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) causing runt deformity syndrome (RDS) and EHP can infect shrimp at the early life stage which can further transmit to later shrimp developmental stages, resulting in poor survival rates or growth performance in shrimp aquaculture 15 , 16 . Consequently, a selection of high-quality shrimp larva based on their survival, stress resistance and growth performance has become one of the important aspects to lower risks of disease outbreak in grow-out pond systems.…”

Heritability and genetic correlations for infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus load, body weight at harvest, and survival rate in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

“…In L. vannamei farming, diseases are limiting factors and are important causes of economic losses (Cock, Gitterle, Salazar, & Rye, ). One such disease is infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), which affects a large number of populations worldwide (Chai et al, ; Cock, Salazar, & Rye, ; Escobedo‐Bonilla & Ibarra, ; Srivinas, Venkatrayalu, & Laxmappa, ). IHHNV is a 20–22 nm, icosahedral, nonenveloped parvovirus containing a single‐stranded DNA genome, approximately 4.1 kb in length, with three open reading frames (Pantoja & Lightner, ).…”

Mini Review: Virus Interference: History, Types and Occurrence in Crustaceans

“…WSSV replicates fast, inducing disease and mortality within 3-5 dpi (62). In contrast, IHHNV has a slower replication, which varies from 7-15 dpi and it seldom induces mortality (64). Further, WSSV may use additional cell receptors to enter cells, as it has a broad crustacean host range, in contrast to IHHNV which may enter cells with one of the four polypeptides present on its virion (60).…”