Susceptibility Test Methods: Mycobacteria,
<i>Nocardia</i>
, and Other Actinomycetes

Woods, Gail L.; Lin, Shou-Yean Grace; Desmond, Edward

doi:10.1128/9781555816728.ch73

Cited by 170 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Determination-Susceptibility to the first line antimycobacterial drugs; rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamid, was determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (46), using the BACTEC MGIT-960 system (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disclosure of Selective Advantages in the “modern” Sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Family by Quantitative Proteomics

Keijzer

Haas

et al. 2014

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype, consisting of the more ancient (atypical) and modern (typical) emerging sublineage, is one of the most prevalent and genetically conserved genotype families and has often been associated with multidrug resistance. In this study, we employed a 2D-LC-FTICR MS approach, combined with dimethylation of tryptic peptides, to systematically compare protein abundance levels of ancient and modern Beijing strains and identify differences that could be associated with successful spread of the modern sublineage. The data is available via ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD000931. Despite the highly uniform protein abundance ratios in both sublineages, we identified four proteins as differentially regulated between both sublineages, which could explain the apparent increased adaptation of the modern Beijing strains. These proteins are; Rv0450c/ MmpL4, Rv1269c, Rv3137, and Rv3283/sseA. Transcriptional and functional analysis of these proteins in a large cohort of 29 Beijing strains showed that the mRNA levels of Rv0450c/MmpL4 are significantly higher in modern Beijing strains, whereas we also provide evidence that Rv3283/ sseA is less abundant in the modern Beijing sublineage. Our findings provide a possible explanation for the increased virulence and success of the modern Beijing sublineage. In addition, in the established dataset of 1817 proteins, we demonstrate the pre-existence of several, possibly unique, antibiotic efflux pumps in the proteome of the Beijing strains. This may reflect an increased ability of Beijing strains to escape exposure to antituberculosis drugs. Molecular & Cellular

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disclosure of Selective Advantages in the “modern” Sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Family by Quantitative Proteomics

Keijzer

Haas

et al. 2014

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…During treatment, isolates from any mouse yielding a positive culture after most mice in the same treatment group converted were subjected to indirect drug susceptibility testing on 7H11 agar, as was each isolate obtained from relapsing mice. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the proportion method (19); the drug concentrations used for testing are presented in Table E2.…”

Section: Mice and Aerosol Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Clofazimine Activity in a Second-Line Regimen for Tuberculosis in Mice

Grosset

Tyagi

Almeida

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

109

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Rationale: Although observational studies suggest that clofaziminecontaining regimens are highly active against drug-resistant tuberculosis, the contribution of clofazimine for the treatment of this disease has never been systematically evaluated. Objectives: Our goal was to directly compare the activity of a standard second-line drug regimen with or without the addition of clofazimine in a mouse model of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Our comparative outcomes included time to culture conversion in the mouse lungs and the percentage of relapses after treatment cessation. Methods: Mice were aerosol-infected with an isoniazid-resistant (as a surrogate of multidrug-resistant) strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Treatment, which was administered for 5 to 9 months, was initiated 2 weeks after infection and comprised the following second-line regimen: daily (5 d/wk) moxifloxacin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, supplemented with amikacin during the first 2 months. One-half of the mice also received daily clofazimine. The decline in lung bacterial load was assessed monthly using charcoal-containing agar to reduce clofazimine carryover. Relapse was assessed 6 months after treatment cessation. Measurements and Main Results: After 2 months, the bacillary load in lungs was reduced from 9.74 log 10 at baseline to 3.61 and 4.68 in mice treated with or without clofazimine, respectively (P , 0.001). Mice treated with clofazimine were culture-negative after 5 months, whereas all mice treated without clofazimine remained heavily culturepositive for the entire 9 months of the study. The relapse rate was 7% among mice treated with clofazimine for 8 to 9 months. Conclusions: The clofazimine contribution was substantial in these experimental conditions. Keywords: tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; clofazimine; inbred BALB/c mice Clofazimine, also known as B.663 or Lamprene, is a fat-soluble riminophenazine dye developed in the 1950s by Vincent Barry and colleagues (1, 2) as a drug for the treatment of tuberculosis. The drug was shown to be even more bactericidal than isoniazid when tested in a mouse model of tuberculosis chemotherapy (2). For reasons that are not well documented, clofazimine was not advanced for the treatment of human tuberculosis but was used for the treatment of leprosy and later, unsuccessfully, for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS (3, 4). The unfortunate development of multidrug-and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has kindled a worldwide push for the development of new therapy options for this disease, including a renewed interest in clofazimine (5). Although several groups have characterized clofazimine activity for in vitro and animal models of tuberculosis (6), a seminal publication by van Deun and colleagues in 2010 reported for the first time that a 9-month drug regimen including gatifloxacin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and clofazimine throughout plus a 4-month initial supplement of kanamycin, prothionamide, and a high dose of isoniazid achi...

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“…The antimicrobial sensitivity assay against Nocardia species had been especially considered in refractory cases. A standard test for antimicrobials sensitivity assessed by broth micro dilution and with cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth has been approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) [29]. The outcome of N. otitidis susceptibility pattern and MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield energy treatment are summarized in Table 1 and 2 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the tested antimicrobials were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, India. The antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC were estimated with the help of broth micro dilution technique as per the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines document number M24-A [29]. The 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) studies were carried out using Ultrapure Genomic DNA Prep Kit; Cat KT 83 (Bangalore Genei, India).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. otitidis was carried out with the help of broth micro dilution technique, as per CLSI guidelines. Broth micro dilution was recommended for isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) based on CLSI published guidelines and recommendations for testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria (CLSI, M24-A, 2003) [29]. The detailed experimental procedure and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

Trivedi¹,

Branton²,

Trivedi³

et al. 2015

Biol syst Open Access

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Susceptibility Test Methods: Mycobacteria, Nocardia , and Other Actinomycetes

Cited by 170 publications

References 134 publications

Disclosure of Selective Advantages in the “modern” Sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Family by Quantitative Proteomics

Disclosure of Selective Advantages in the “modern” Sublineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Family by Quantitative Proteomics

Assessment of Clofazimine Activity in a Second-Line Regimen for Tuberculosis in Mice

Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

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