Susceptibility profile of clinical and environmental isolates ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattiiin Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Andrade-Silva, Leonardo; Ferreira-Paim, Kennio; Mora, Delio José; Silva, Paulo Roberto da; Andrade, Aron José Pazin de; Araujo, Natalia Evelyn; Pedrosa, André Luiz; Silva‐Vergara, Mario León

doi:10.3109/13693786.2012.761737

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recurrent episodes of cryptococcal meningitis are frequent in AIDS patients where fluconazole is used as maintenance therapy . Although the MIC 90 for most of the antifungals tested are similar to the data previously reported, in this study, MICs for fluconazole (Table ) were higher than previously recorded . Herein, we describe a patient (patient 7) with different episodes of cryptococcosis in which, two different genotypes in CSF strains were detected according to their fluconazole susceptibility pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in Seville, Spain

Gago

Serrano²,

Alastruey‐Izquierdo

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the leading causes of death in HIV/AIDS patients. Our aim was to in order to characterise the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility pattern and virulence of 28 Cyptococcus sp. strains recovered from 12 AIDS patients during two years in a Spanish single institution. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI protocols. Clinical strains were molecularly characterised by serotyping, mating type, PCR fingerprinting (M13 and GACA microsatellites) and analysis of two rDNA regions (IGS1 and ITS). Sequencing of the ERG11 gene was used to explore mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Differences in virulence between species were studied in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Cryptococcus deneoformans and C. deneoformans x Cryptococcus neoformans hybrids were the most frequent variety (65%) followed by C. neoformans (35%). Strains were categorised according to 13 microsatellite genotypes and mixed infections could be detected in three patients. Twenty-nine per cent of the strains were fluconazole resistant. In one of the patients, the fluconazole resistance phenotype was associated with a point mutation in the ERG11 gene responsible for the amino acid substitution G470R. C. neoformans strains were able to kill G. mellonella larvae more efficiently than C. deneoformans and hybrids between both species. Precisely molecular characterisation of C. neoformans species is important for an accurate patient's management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in Seville, Spain

Gago

Serrano²,

Alastruey‐Izquierdo

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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“…gattii is associated with decaying wood in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Nevertheless, Overy et al (20) identified the presence of Cryptococcus gattii in Canada showing that this pathogen colonizes other parts of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a pattern of susceptibility from environmental C. neoformans isolates was not found in the literature. Most studies reported that environmental isolates of C. neoformans were susceptible to these antifungals (21,22). Gutch et al (23), using the microdilution method, verified the susceptibility profile of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Jabalpur, a city of Madhya Pradesh in Central India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Environmental Isolates of Cryptococcus spp. from the West Region of Cameroon

Dongmo

Kechia

Tchuenguem

et al. 2016

Ethiop J Health Sci

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“…Furthermore, no significant difference in the MICs for C. gattii isolates collected from 1980 to 1990 and 2002 to 2004 were observed (365). In a Brazilian study, eight C. gattii strains (fluconazole MIC range, 8 to 32 mg/liter) were susceptible to most drugs tested, and susceptibility profiles of C. gattii were similar to those of C. neoformans (369). Table 5 summarizes fluconazole susceptibility data from major clinical studies.…”

Section: Antifungal Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus gattii Infections

2014

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SUMMARY Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Cryptococcus gattii has been advanced by modern molecular techniques. C. gattii probably diverged from Cryptococcus neoformans between 16 million and 160 million years ago, depending on the dating methods applied, and maintains diversity by recombining in nature. South America is the likely source of the virulent C. gattii VGII molecular types that have emerged in North America. C. gattii shares major virulence determinants with C. neoformans , although genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that despite similar genomes, the VGIIa and VGIIb subtypes employ very different transcriptional circuits and manifest differences in virulence phenotypes. Preliminary evidence suggests that C. gattii VGII causes severe lung disease and death without dissemination, whereas C. neoformans disseminates readily to the central nervous system (CNS) and causes death from meningoencephalitis. Overall, currently available data indicate that the C. gattii VGI, VGII, and VGIII molecular types more commonly affect nonimmunocompromised hosts, in contrast to VGIV. New, rapid, cheap diagnostic tests and imaging modalities are assisting early diagnosis and enabling better outcomes of cerebral cryptococcosis. Complications of CNS infection include increased intracranial pressure, severe neurological sequelae, and development of immune reconstitution syndrome, although the mortality rate is low. C. gattii VGII isolates may exhibit higher fluconazole MICs than other genotypes. Optimal therapeutic regimens are yet to be determined; in most cases, initial therapy with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is recommended.

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Susceptibility profile of clinical and environmental isolates ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattiiin Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in Seville, Spain

Molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in Seville, Spain

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Environmental Isolates of <i>Cryptococcus</i> spp. from the West Region of Cameroon

Cryptococcus gattii Infections

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