Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococci Causing Infections

Öncü, Serkan; Punar, Metin; Eraksoy, Haluk

doi:10.1620/tjem.202.23

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Fluroquinolones have been among the dominant class of antimicrobial agents in the last decade and are widely used for nosocomial infections empirically [34]. In our study 50% of Enterococci isolate were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 49.1% of the isolates were resistant to norfloxacin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

2015

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BackgroundMulti-drug-resistant Enterococci colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients are the major source of infection as well as nosocomial spread. Despite worldwide increasing rate of multidrug resistant Enterococci colonization and infection among hospitalized patients, there is scarcity of data from resource limited setting. The present study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was conducted among hospitalized patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, from January to July 2013. Fecal samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents. Stool samples were inoculated onto enterococcus selective media (Bile Esculin azide agar plate) with and without 6 µg/ml of vancomycin. The isolates were identified to genus and species level by cultural characteristics, Gram’s stain, catalase test, growth in 6.5% NaCl broth, growth at 45°C, motility test and by using API 20 Streptococcus system. Sensitivity testing was done using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin were determined using E-test strips.ResultOverall, Enterococci were isolated from 114 (76%) of the study subjects. The isolates were Enterococcus faecium (35.1%) followed by Enterococcusfaecalis (29.8%), Enterococcus gallinarum (17.5%), Enterococcuscasseliflavus (8.8%) and Enterococcusdurans (8.8%). Among 114 tested Enterococci isolates, 41 (36%) were resistant to ampicillin, 62 (54.4%) to streptomycin and 39 (34.2%) to gentamycin. Other alternative antibiotics to treat mixed nosocomial infection caused by Enterococci also showed high rate of resistance in vitro: ciprofloxacin (50% of resistance), norfloxacin (49.1%), erythromycin (63.2%), tetracycline (64.9%), chloramphenicol (34.2%), and nitrofrantoin (32.4%). Multiple drug resistance was observed among 89.5% of E. faecium and E. faecalis. Vancomycin resistant Enterococci were observed in 5% of E. faecium isolates.ConclusionThis study reveals high rate of fecal colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterococci and prevalence of vancomycin resistance strains. Thus periodic surveillance of antibacterial susceptibilities is recommended to detect emerging resistance and to prevent the spread of antibacterial-resistant strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

2015

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“…It is known that unnecessary use of glycopeptide antibiotics contributes to the development of glycopeptide resistant Gram-positive organisms (Sieradzki et al 1999;Carratala 2002;Oncu et al 2004). Infections due to these resistant organisms are diffucult to treat, and there is increased morbidity and mortality with these type of infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of Intraluminal Colonization by Antibiotic Lock in Catheters

Öncü

Öztürk

et al. 2004

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Antibiotic lock (AL) technique for catheter related infection encompasses the filling of a catheter lumen with high concentrations of antibiotics for hours. The goal of AL therapy is to decontaminate the intraluminal surface of the catheter. However the duration of antibiotic therapy is not established. An in vitro model was designed to establish the time needed to eliminate intraluminal microbial colonization and to evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin in comparison with teicoplanin by using laboratory AL model. Human plasma was instilled into the catheters to allow deposition of fibrin and other products on the catheter wall. After 48 hours, the catheters were drained and inoculated with bacteria in tryptic soy broth. The catheters were then drained and filled with either (a) vancomycin saline solution (VSS) lock (b) teicoplanin saline solution (TSS) lock or (c) saline solution (SS) as the control and then incubated for 12 hours. After 12 hours incubation all the catheter were drained and filled with human plasma. Instillation of human plasma and AL was alternated every 12 hours to simulate clinical conditions. For each day three catheters, locked with VSS, TSS and SS were cultured for colony count. Microbial counts were expressed as total colony-forming units per longitudinal centimeters of catheter surface. A significant decrease in intraluminal catheter colonization started as early as day 1. At the end of 7th day catheters treated with VSS and TSS lock were completely sterile. The decrease of intraluminal colonization was similar in catheters treated with VSS and TSS lock. Also the decrease of intraluminal colonization were similar in catheter colonized with slime forming S. epidermidis and nonslime-forming S. epidermidis. antibiotic lock; catheter; teicoplanin; vancomycin

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“…Use of systemic vancomycin is associated with development of intermediate resistance to vancomycin and subpopulations of Grampositive cocci with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (23)(24)(25). Therefore systemic usage of vancomycin should strictly be avoided for the prevention of CRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Systemic Vancomycin on Central Venous Catheter Colonization

et al. 2004

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INTRODUCTION Central venous catheters (CVCs) have become essential tools for the management of patients in modern medical practice (1). They are used for the administration of intravenous fluids, medications, blood products, parenteral nutrition fluids, to provide haemodialysis, and to monitor the hemodynamic status of patients (2,3). Estimates of their use in the United States alone suggest that over 5 million CVCs are inserted annually (4). Unfortunately, these devices are associated with a number of complications, amongst which infection predominates (5). There has been a steady rise in the incidence of catheter-related infections (CRIs) despite emerging evidence-based measures to reduce infectious complications (4). More than 200,000 nosocomial bloodstream infections

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Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococci Causing Infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

Elimination of Intraluminal Colonization by Antibiotic Lock in Catheters

The Effect of Systemic Vancomycin on Central Venous Catheter Colonization

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