Susceptibility of winter Triticale Cultivars to Rhizoctonia Cerealis (sharp eyespot) and R. Solani

Abstract

Abstract:In the field study period from 2006 to 2010, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia were recorded on 36 cultivars of triticale at the milk ripe growth stage. Four localities in north-central Poland were included: Chrząstowo, Dębina, Kończewice and Minikowo. The susceptibility of the seedlings of 30 cultivars of triticale to R. cerealis (AG-D subgroup I) and R. solani (AG-5) was studied in the laboratory. There was much variation in incidence and severity of sharp eyespot between years and locations. The disease was most intense at Chrząstowo. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 28 cultivars was Most symptoms developed on coleoptiles, with less symptoms on the leaves and the least on the roots. There was much variation in susceptibility of triticale cultivars to both Rhizoctonia species. Cultivars were grouped into six categories according to the intensity of seedling infection. Categories 1, 2 and 3, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility to R. cerealis, included 17, 10 and 3 cultivars, respectively. Categories 4, 5 and 6, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility to R. solani, included 3, 12 and 15 cultivars, respectively. Cultivars Baltiko and Zorro had low, and cv. Cultivo had high susceptibility to both Rhizoctonia species. No cultivar was resistant to Rhizoctonia. There was a positive correlation between infection by R. cerealis and R. solani. Infection of coleoptiles by R. cerealis or R. solani was significantly correlated with infection of leaves. No correlation between intensity of sharp eyespot on triticale plants in the field and on seedlings in controlled conditions was found.

Genetic structure and population diversity in the wheat sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA

“…(authors’ unpublished observations). Due to the correlation between the distribution of host and pathogen (Lemańczyk, ) and the loss of the primary host, gene diversity and genotype diversity of R. cerealis AG‐DI could decrease during low host years.…”

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Cultivable Communities of Co-occurring Endophytes and Pathogens in Wheat

“…Early species were dominated by B. subtilis , a species known to grow in soil and in the rhizosphere of many plants (Earl et al, 2008 ). They included soil-borne fungal pathogens, causing devastating diseases on a broad host range, such as R. solani (Lemańczyk, 2012 ), abundantly found in European agricultural soils (Goll et al, 2014 ) , S. sclerotiorum (Bolton et al, 2006 ), and B. cinerea (Dean et al, 2012 ) or considered as minor pathogens, such as M. bolleyi , commonly found on cereals roots (Kirk and Deacon, 1987a ; Fernandez and Holzgang, 2009 ). M. graminicola , the causal agent of the S. tritici blotch, an important foliar disease on winter wheat in Europe (Miedaner et al, 2013 ), was mostly isolated at heading although its cycle extends until wheat maturity.…”

Effect of Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate on the Lipid and Carbohydrate Content and Composition of Winter Triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) Grain and the Severity of Fungal Infections in Triticale Plants and Grain

“…The amount and quality of grain yield is limited by the occurrence of fungal diseases. Studies on the health of the stem base of winter triticale recorded the occurrence of sharp eye spot depending on the cultivar grown. In a study carried out by Ramanauskiene et al, the importance of eye spot infection ( Oculimacula spp.)…”