Susceptibility of urinary isolates of <i>Corynebacterium</i> group D2 to fifteen antimicrobials and acetohydroxamic acid

Soriano, Francisco; Ponte, Carmen; Santamaría, M; Torres, A.; Fernández-Roblas, R.

doi:10.1093/jac/20.3.349

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Proportions of resistance were between 53 and 90% and were higher than 50% for all the quinolones tested. On the whole, the activity of quinolones against CGD2 is lower than that previously reported (2,4,7,8,12,13). As could be expected, the quinolones with the highest intrinsic activity and those more active against gram-positive bacteria (according other studies) were among the most effective against this group.…”

supporting

confidence: 40%

“…Penems were also ineffective. CGD2 has been previously shown resistant to classical 1-lactams, such as amoxicillin, older narrow-spectrum and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and ceftazidime (2,7,10,12,13). The only P-lactam-p-lactamase inhibitor combination and the only penem previously tested, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and SCH 34343, respectively, were also shown to be ineffective against CGD2 (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CGD2 has been previously shown resistant to classical 1-lactams, such as amoxicillin, older narrow-spectrum and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and ceftazidime (2,7,10,12,13). The only P-lactam-p-lactamase inhibitor combination and the only penem previously tested, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and SCH 34343, respectively, were also shown to be ineffective against CGD2 (12,13). Our results show that CGD2 is also resistant to all broad-spectrum cephalosporins, "fourthgeneration" cephalosporins, and penems tested and shows a e Narrow and extended-spectrum cephalosporins include cefazolin (BP 2 32 p.g/ml), cefamandole (BP 2 32 ,g/mI), cefuroxime (BP 2 32 ,ug/ml), cefotetan (BP 2 64 ,ug/ml), cefonicid (BP 2 32 pg/ml), and cefaclor (BP 2 32 ,g/mI).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of 79 antimicrobial agents against Corynebacterium group D2

Garcı́a-Rodrı́guez¹,

Sánchez²,

Muñoz‐Bellido³

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Corynebacterium group D2 (CGD2) is involved in urinary tract infections in patients with underlying predisposing factors. This microorganism is highly resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents. We tested the activities of 79 antimicrobial agents against CGD2. (8-Lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides were ineffective. Fluorinated quinolones showed irregular activities, ofloxacin being the most active one. Doxycycline, rifampin, and mainly glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) were the most active antibiotics against CGD2.Corynebacterium group D2 (CGD2) is involved in the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with underlying predisposing factors, such as urinary tract instrumentation, surgery, or malignancy (1). CGD2 has also been involved in the origin of phosphate-encrusted cystitis (10, 11) and in sepsis in compromised hosts (3). This group has been shown to be resistant to most antibiotics used for the treatment of UTIs (9), the utilization of glycopeptides being frequently necessary.We studied the in vitro activities of 79 antimicrobial agents against CGD2 in order to find therapeutic alternatives useful for the treatment of UTIs caused by this microorganism.The antibiotics tested, kindly provided by their manufacturers, were penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cloxacillin, mecillinam, temocillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulbactam-ampicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotetan, cefonicid, cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefsulodin, cefetamet, cefterame, latamoxef, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, cefbuperazone, cefpirome, CGP-31608/WS (Ciba-Geigy), CGP-22495 (Ciba-Geigy), CGP-31523 (Ciba-Geigy), ICI-194008 lysed horse blood was used). The inoculum was prepared in Mueller-Hinton broth from a 48-h growth on Mueller-Hinton 5% sheep blood agar, adjusted to a turbidity equivalent to that of a 0.5 McFarland standard, and diluted 1:10. The inoculation of the agar plates was performed by using a Steer's replicator, the final inoculum on the media being approximately 104 CFU per spot. Plates were incubated for 48 h at 35°C in room air, since after 24 h of incubation, the control plates (the same strains inoculated on the same blood agar without antibiotics) occasionally showed very faint growth or had no visible growth. The growth on these plates after 48 h was always satisfactory. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of antibiotic that suppressed visible bacterial growth. Single colonies, faint hazes, and skip plates were disregarded.Results are shown in Table 1 and confirm the high resistance of CGD2 to a wide number of antimicrobial agents (6). CGD2 was resistant to all of the penicillins and combinations of penicillin and ,B-lactamase inhibitor tested. No strain was inhibited by any of these compounds and combinations at 128 ,ug/ml. To all of the cephalosporins, including the most recently developed ones and those active against other gram-...

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supporting

confidence: 40%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activity of 79 antimicrobial agents against Corynebacterium group D2

Garcı́a-Rodrı́guez¹,

Sánchez²,

Muñoz‐Bellido³

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…These organisms have been found to be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents, including nitrofurantoin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin, i.e., those agents commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (1,179,203,226). They are, however, uniformly susceptible to vancomycin and the quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin and ofloxcin) and often susceptible to erythromycin, rifampin, novobiocin, and tetracyclines (64,134 (28,244) and meningitis (15,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coryneform bacteria in infectious diseases: clinical and laboratory aspects

1990

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Coryneform isolates from clinical specimens frequently cannot be identified by either reference laboratories or research laboratories. Many of these organisms are skin flora that belong to a large number of taxonomic groups, only 40% of which are in the genus Corynebacterium. This review provides an update on clinical presentations, microbiological features, and pathogenic mechanisms of infections with nondiphtheria Corynebacterium species and other pleomorphic gram-positive rods. The early literature is also reviewed for a few coryneforms, especially those whose roles as pathogens are controversial. Recognition of newly emerging opportunistic coryneforms is dependent on sound identification schemes which cannot be developed until cell wall analyses and nucleic acid studies have defined the taxonomic groups and all of the reference strains within each taxon have been shown by molecular methods to be authentic members. Only then can reliable batteries of biochemical tests be selected for distinguishing each taxon.

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“…Clinical isolates of C . jeikeium and D2 organisms are often resistant to many antimicrobial agents (Gill et al, 1981;Soriano et al, 1987;van Bosterhaut et al, 1987). Several other species are recognised: C. ulcerans is a toxinproducing pathogen (Gilbert and Stewart, 1926-27;Maximescu et al, 1974); C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%