Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Trogoderma inclusum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) to cold temperatures

Journal of Stored Products Research

Campbell

Donaldson

2017

Self Cite

Efficacy of aerosol applications of pyrethrin+methoprene was assessed through emergence of morphologically-normal adults exposed as larvae and through a developmental index. Concrete arenas were treated with aerosol droplets (particles) averaging 2µm or 16µm, food material was placed on the arenas at 1-8 weeks post-treatment, and 3-4-week-old larvae of one of four stored product insect species placed on the arenas at the same time. No exposed Lasioderma serricorne (DeGeer) larvae reached the adult stage at either particle size, though they developed further when exposed residual deposits of the 2 µm aerosol particles compared to residual deposits of 16 µm particles. No exposed larvae of either Tribolium confusum Jacqueline duVal or Trogoderma variabile (Ballion) reached the adult stage when exposed to residues of the 16 µm particles, but most of the larvae exposed to the 2 µm residues completed development. Exposed Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer) larvae completed development to the adult stage after exposure to both particle sizes, indicating low susceptibility to methoprene residues. When food material in the arenas was also treated with the two particle sizes and bioassays conducted using only larvae of L. serricorne, T. confusum, and T. variable, results were similar to those described above. In a final experiment, only the 16 µm particle size aerosol was used to treat arenas with or without food, with arenas without food having it added one day after treatment. At 1-8 weeks post-treatment, the food was transferred to new untreated arenas and food was replaced in the arenas originally treated with aerosol. Bioassays were conducted using only larvae of T. confusum and T. variabile. The food material blocked deposition of the aerosol on the arenas or absorbed some of the residues, indicating transference of the methoprene residues from the treated surfaces onto the food.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation of particle size, food contamination, and residual efficacy of pyrethrin + methoprene aerosol

Journal of Stored Products Research

Campbell

Donaldson

2017

Self Cite

“…All tests were carried out in an incubator (Percival I36NLXC9, Percival Scientific, Perry, IA, USA), where temperatures could be controlled [3]. Plastic cylindrical vials of 50 mm in height and 25 mm in diameter (Thornton Plastics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) were used in the tests.…”

Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of low temperatures for control of stored-product insects has been extensively evaluated over the past three decades for many species of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Psocoptera [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These studies show that stored-product insects vary remarkably in their susceptibility to low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review by Andreadis and Athanassiou [4] underlines the lack of paradigms of cold tolerance of stored-product insects as compared with field crop pests. In addition, most of the data available for stored-product insects'cold tolerance are largely focused on non-acclimated individuals [1,3,5,7,9]. Athanassiou et al [7] show that acclimation of stored-product insects prior to actual treatment has dissimilar effects depending on species and acclimation conditions, and is not always related to increased tolerance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cool Down–Warm Up: Differential Responses of Stored Product Insects after Gradual Temperature Changes

Athanassiou

2020

Insects

Insect survival after exposure to 0 °C for 7 days was examined in laboratory bioassays for control of adults of six major stored-product beetle species, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, the hide beetle, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and T. confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle In this test there were four different acclimation treatments, insects that had been subjected to a pre-acclimation period to 0 °C, a post-acclimation period, both a pre and post-acclimation period, and adults that were not acclimated. Insect survival for all species except S. oryzae was not affected by the exposure to 0 °C, regardless of the acclimation scenario. In contrast, exposure to 0 °C drastically reduced survival of S. oryzae. Moreover, adults that were exposed to the post-acclimation only and un-acclimated adults had lower survival rates than those that had either exposure to pre-acclimation, or to both pre- and post-acclimation. Results of this experiment show that acclimation played a limited role in adult survival of five of the six tested species, and that exposure of adults to 0 °C for 7 d had no effect in survival of these species as well.

“…As described above, there is extensive research on insecticides for control of psocids, but less research on using extreme temperatures as a disinfestation strategy, especially for packaged food products. Cold temperatures have recently been investigated for control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum (L.), the larger cabinet beetle (Flinn et al, 2015;Arthur et al, 2015). However, there are no recent studies published in the scientific literature evaluating susceptibility of psocids to cold temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing for control of stored-product psocids

Journal of Stored Products Research

Hartzer

Throne

et al. 2017

A series of studies was conducted by exposing young and old eggs, nymphs, and adults of the psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel), L. paeta (Pearman), L. decolor (Pearman), and L. entomophila (Enderlein) to À18 C for various time intervals. Survival was assessed as initial and final, at different times depending on the life stage. Young eggs of L. bostrychophila were the most tolerant life stage of any of the species, with scattered survival out to 120 h of exposure to À18 C. Eggs were the most tolerant life stage for each species, requiring 24, 12, and 2 h of exposure for complete kill of L. paeta, L. decolor, and L. entomophila, respectively. Nymphs and adults of all species were far more susceptible than eggs, with no final survival after two hours of exposure. Results show the extreme variation between different psocid life stages and species to cold temperatures, and provide guidelines for using cold as a control strategy for psocids. Our results show that 24 h at À18 C is sufficient to kill all life stages of the psocid species tested, except for young L. bostrychophila eggs which will require at least 128 h of exposure at À18 C for complete mortality.