Abstract:The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is considered the primary insect pest in broiler farms in Brazil. In this study, we characterized the susceptibility of A. diaperinus populations from broiler farms of southern Brazil to cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus were exposed to these technical insecticides diluted in acetone in residual bioassays. A geographic variation in the susceptibility of larvae and adults of A. diaperinus to b… Show more
“…; Hickmann et al . ). The susceptibility level of various populations depends on the active ingredient (Tomberlin et al .…”
Section: Control Agentsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…), tetrachlorvinphos (Singh & Johnson ), chlorpyrifos (Hickmann et al . ) and several other commonly used insecticides (Steelman ). Lambkin et al .…”
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most common insect pests in commercial poultry farms, where it reproduces within the litter floor, feeding on poultry manure, spilled feed and other organic material. It can also infest, feed and reproduce on stored grains and related amylaceous commodities. Its significance is related mostly with the fact that it serves as reservoir and vector for many pathogens that cause serious diseases, such as Salmonella, Escherichia and various viruses. Recently, A. diaperinus attracted a lot attention as it was listed in the EU Regulation 2017/893 among the insect species that are allowed to be used for the production of insect meal as aquafeed ingredient, changing our perspective on this insect from a noxious pest to a potential nutrient source. This is the first review on A. diaperinus summarizing the significant recent findings in its biology and control. Moreover, this review aims to provide a helpful tool for aquaculture scientists working with A. diaperinus as aquafeed ingredient. Therefore, we gather and highlight the available data that classify A. diaperinus as a promising insect-based protein provider and we comment and discuss on the public concerns that arise from its utilization as feed.
“…; Hickmann et al . ). The susceptibility level of various populations depends on the active ingredient (Tomberlin et al .…”
Section: Control Agentsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…), tetrachlorvinphos (Singh & Johnson ), chlorpyrifos (Hickmann et al . ) and several other commonly used insecticides (Steelman ). Lambkin et al .…”
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most common insect pests in commercial poultry farms, where it reproduces within the litter floor, feeding on poultry manure, spilled feed and other organic material. It can also infest, feed and reproduce on stored grains and related amylaceous commodities. Its significance is related mostly with the fact that it serves as reservoir and vector for many pathogens that cause serious diseases, such as Salmonella, Escherichia and various viruses. Recently, A. diaperinus attracted a lot attention as it was listed in the EU Regulation 2017/893 among the insect species that are allowed to be used for the production of insect meal as aquafeed ingredient, changing our perspective on this insect from a noxious pest to a potential nutrient source. This is the first review on A. diaperinus summarizing the significant recent findings in its biology and control. Moreover, this review aims to provide a helpful tool for aquaculture scientists working with A. diaperinus as aquafeed ingredient. Therefore, we gather and highlight the available data that classify A. diaperinus as a promising insect-based protein provider and we comment and discuss on the public concerns that arise from its utilization as feed.
“…Some products are not always efficient, as they may not reach the hideouts of the insects, for instance in wall and floor crevices [ 44 ]. According to Hickmann et al [ 45 ], currently the most commonly used chemical insecticides are pyrethroids and organophosphates, which, as research has shown, leads to the growing resistance of A. diaperinus to these compounds. The resistance of the insect to fenitrothion and permethrin was observed in Great Britain back in 1996.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In turn, in Australia, the resistance of A. diaperinus against fenitrothion, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin has been experimentally confirmed, whereas in North and South America its resistance against carbaryl, methoxychlor, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, cyfluthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos has been recorded. In Brazil, a very low effectiveness of products containing cypermethrin was observed [ 45 ]. Regular identification of insecticidal susceptibility would allow manufacturers to rotate chemicals in order to reduce the insect’s resistance to insecticides in a given population [ 36 , 46 , 47 ].…”
Reducing Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry production is a difficult task. However, attempts should be made to control the insect pest, as it poses a serious threat to the life and health of the chickens, as well as the workers on a farm. Our research was conducted in two stages to assess the effectiveness of the biocidal paint against A. diaperinus, containing active substances such as permethrin and a mixture of ultramarine and violet 23. In the first stage, under laboratory conditions, after 22 days, 100% mortality of A. diaperinus larvae and adults was achieved. This allowed us to assume that the biocidal paint may also be effective in poultry houses. In the poultry house where biocidal paint was applied, the number of insects decreased continuously alongside the sampling dates. In both research stages, the biocidal paint proved more effective against A. diaperinus than traditional limewash, and also the time to effective interaction of the paint was noted. Additionally, it was observed that the larvae were more susceptible to the active substances than adults. The research was practical, however, further analyses are necessary to fully control A. diaperinus, especially in poultry houses.
“…An increasing number of publications have described the resistance of pest to these compounds in several countries (Tomberlin et. al., 2008;Chernaki-Leffer et al, 2011;Hickmann et al, 2018). Thus, owing to environmental pollution caused by the excessive use and misuse of agrochemicals and the requirements of health food from consumers, alternative methods must be sought.…”
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of starch granules enriched with carvacrol and mixed with straw pellets (as poultry litter) on the mortality of larvae and adults of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, a cosmopolitan pest inhabiting chicken houses in vast numbers worldwide. Additionally, the effect of starch granules on the growth parameters and survival of broiler chickens exposed to treated litter was examined. In this study, granules containing 3, 5, and 10% carvacrol was used. In a simulated chicken house bioassay, this material was mixed with pellets in three different proportions: 30/70%, 40/60%, and 50/50% (granules/pellets, respectively). On this medium, young larvae (approximately 10 days old), older larvae (last stage before pupa), and unsexed 7-10 days old adults of the lesser mealworm, with access to food, were colonized. Experiments were performed at 29 °C in the dark. The study shows that poultry litter with the addition of starch granules enriched with 10% of carvacrol in the proportion of 40:60% (granules:pellets) appears to be the optimal medium applicable to broiler houses for A. diaperinus control. In this environment, all larvae and adults died within 3-4 days and the overall development of the experimental chickens was similar to that of the control. However, the feed conversion rate was slightly higher in the treated group (1.72) than in the control group (1.56). The average final body weight in the treated group was 100 g lower than that in the control group (the differences were not statistically significant).
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