Susceptibility of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to entomopathogenic Hypocreales fungi

Giroux, François; Lavallée, Robert; Bauce, Éric; Guertin, Claude

doi:10.7202/1028399ar

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our laboratory experiments showed that spray applications of blasto- or conidiospores caused high mortality in adults but not in larvae, independent of the fungal strain. This contrasts previous studies ( 40 , 41 , 58 ); for example, Giroux et al. ( 40 ) found no difference in mortality between adults and larvae of Japanese beetle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasts previous studies ( 40 , 41 , 58 ); for example, Giroux et al. ( 40 ) found no difference in mortality between adults and larvae of Japanese beetle. However, that work used extremely high spore doses ( 40 ), which were 8000 times higher than those used here (10 7 spores mL -1 , which is commonly used in bioassays).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…( 40 ) found no difference in mortality between adults and larvae of Japanese beetle. However, that work used extremely high spore doses ( 40 ), which were 8000 times higher than those used here (10 7 spores mL -1 , which is commonly used in bioassays). In other laboratory studies, mycelial particles were added to soil as source of infection, resulting in elevated mortality of larvae caused by the applied fungi ( 41 , 58 ), which contrasts with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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From lab to field: biological control of the Japanese beetle with entomopathogenic fungi

et al. 2023

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The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, is an invasive scarab and listed as quarantine organism in many countries worldwide. Native to Japan, it has invaded North America, the Azores, and recently mainland Europe. Adults are gregarious and cause agricultural and horticultural losses by feeding on leaves, fruits, and flowers of a wide range of crops and ornamental plants. Larvae feed belowground and damage grassland. To date, no efficient and environmentally friendly control measure is available. Larval populations of other scarab species such as Phyllopertha horticola and Melolontha melolontha are controlled by applying spores of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria brongniartii to larval habitats. Here, we tested this control strategy against Japanese beetle larvae in grasslands, as well as spore spray applications against adults in crops. Using both, large-scale field experiments and inoculation experiments in the laboratory, we assess the efficacy of registered fungal strains against Japanese beetle larvae and adults. Metarhizium brunneum BIPESCO 5 established and persisted in the soil of larval habitats and on the leaves of adult’s host plants after application. However, neither larval nor adult population sizes were reduced at the study sites. Laboratory experiments showed that larvae are not susceptible to M. brunneum ART 212, M. brunneum BIPESCO 5, and B. brongniartii BIPESCO 2. In contrast, adults were highly susceptible to all three strains. When blastospores were directly injected into the hemolymph, both adults and larvae showed elevated mortality rates, which suggests that the cuticle plays an important role in determining the difference in susceptibility of the two life stages. In conclusion, we do not see potential in adapting the state-of-the-art control strategy against native scarabs to Japanese beetle larvae. However, adults are susceptible to the tested entomopathogenic fungi in laboratory settings and BIPESCO 5 conidiospores survived for more than three weeks in the field despite UV-radiation and elevated temperatures. Hence, control of adults using fungi of the genera Beauveria or Metarhizium is more promising than larval control. Further research on efficient application methods and more virulent and locally adapted fungal strains will help to increase efficacy of fungal treatments for the control of P. japonica.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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From lab to field: biological control of the Japanese beetle with entomopathogenic fungi

et al. 2023

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“…Because of the particular features of this protected area, an eco‐friendly strategy was adopted to control this pest. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs; Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae ) have shown greater potential for the biological control of P. japonica compared with other natural biological agents, such as entomopathogenic fungi (eg, Alm, Yeh, Hanula, & Georgis, ; Yeh & Alm, ; Simões et al., ; Morris & Grewal, ; Giorux et al., ; Paoli, Marianelli, Binazzi et al., 2017; Paoli, Marianelli, Torrini et al., ). Generally, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976, H. zealandica Poinar, 1990, and Steinernema scarabaei Stock and Koppenhöfer, 2003, proved to be the most effective EPN species against this pest, causing more than 90% mortality in field tests (Grewal, Koppenhöfer, & Choo, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematodes as potential biological control agents of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Piedmont Region (Italy)

Marianelli

Paoli

Torrini

et al. 2017

J Applied Entomology

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In 2014, the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was first spotted in northern Italy in the Nature Park of the Ticino Valley, its first detection in continental Europe. This polyphagous invasive species has the potential to cause serious losses to horticulture and agriculture. Particularly for its management in a Nature Park, environmentally friendly strategies are necessary. To develop baseline data for a biological control approach to the Italian outbreak of P. japonica, we conducted laboratory and field experiments testing several indigenous and commercial strains of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae against P. japonica larvae. In the laboratory, strains of H. bacteriophora caused greater mortality (ranging from 57% to 100%) than those of S. carpocapsae (3% to 77%). In micro-plot field tests carried out at three different times, the most virulent indigenous EPN strain, H. bacteriophora ItH-LU1, showed again the best results ranging from 44% to 93% against young larvae. Finally, in a large-plot field trial, the commercial H. bacteriophora product provided 46% larval mortality. This study shows that H. bacteriophora strains have good potential as biological control agents of larvae of the invasive P. japonica in northern Italy. K E Y W O R D Sbiocontrol, insect pest, invasive species, Japanese beetle, pest management, white grub

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“…Given the current limited distribution of P. japonica in mainland Europe, sustainable and effective containment strategies are essential to limit its spread in newly infested areas (EFSA, 2018). So far, environmentally friendly approaches have been proposed using attract and kill strategies (Marianelli et al, 2018; Paoli et al, 2023), biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (Marianelli et al, 2018; Mazza et al, 2017; Simões et al, 1993; Torrini et al, 2020) and entomopathogenic fungi (Barzanti et al, 2023; Benvenuti et al, 2019; Giroux et al, 2015). Nevertheless, the integrated pest management approach emphasizes a reduction in the use of synthetic pesticides and is crucial to increase the effectiveness of P. japonica containment with environmentally acceptable alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifeedant and insecticidal effects of alfalfa saponins in the management of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica

Iovinella

Barbieri

Biazzi³

et al. 2023

J Applied Entomology

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Popillia japonica is a quarantine pest of priority interest for the EU, given its potentially important economic, social and environmental impacts. Alternative strategies to chemical methods are essential to limit its spread in newly infested areas with favourable climatic and environmental conditions. Saponins are biologically active molecules widely distributed in plants, displaying a well‐known repellent activity combined with a mortality effect against insects. In this context, saponins were extracted from alfalfa Medicago sativa, where medicagenic and zanhic acid glycosides and Soyasaponin I were the most abundant compounds and used in the laboratory and semi‐field experiments for treating leaves of susceptible host plants for P. japonica. Under laboratory conditions, a food deterrence effect and a significant mortality rate were observed using Corylus avellana leaves treated at increasing saponin concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% w/v. Semi‐field condition experiment supported the food deterrence effect, as a significant food preference was observed for untreated plants of Vitis vinifera compared to treated plants. The promising results obtained suggest that alfalfa saponins could represent a potential eco‐friendly approach for Japanese beetle control.

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Susceptibility of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to entomopathogenic Hypocreales fungi

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

From lab to field: biological control of the Japanese beetle with entomopathogenic fungi

From lab to field: biological control of the Japanese beetle with entomopathogenic fungi

Entomopathogenic nematodes as potential biological control agents of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Piedmont Region (Italy)

Antifeedant and insecticidal effects of alfalfa saponins in the management of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica

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