Susceptibility of Stored-Product Psocids to Aerosol Insecticides

Abstract

The efficacies of commercial methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols for control of stored-product psocid pests were evaluated in simulated field studies. The efficacies of methoprene, esfenvalerate EC, the carrier Isopar-M™, and a combination of methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols for control of Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) and Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) nymphs were assessed, and the effects of direct and indirect exposure of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. decolor, and Liposcelis paeta Pearman adults to esfenvalerate EC aerosol were evaluated. The greatest nymphal mortality attained was 76%, indicating that the four aerosols tested were ineffective against L. decolor and L. entomophila nymphs. In the direct and indirect exposure studies, the greatest adult mortalities attained for the three psocid species were 62 and 32%, respectively. Based on these data, esfenvalerate aerosol is ineffective for control of L. bostrychophila, L. decolor, L. entomophila, and L. paeta psocid species. This study shows that methoprene, esfenvalerate EC, and a combination of methoprene and esfenvalerate aerosols were ineffective against the four psocid species tested when applied at rates that are usually effective against other stored-product insect pests.

Biology and Management of Psocids Infesting Stored Products

“…In addition, β-cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr are effective against L. bostrychophila and L. entomophila at their current US registration rates for relatively short periods on concrete surfaces (28), whereas the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen is unable to provide complete control even for only 35 days after application of L. bostrychophila, L. decolor, or L. paeta (4). In the only study of the potential use of insecticidal aerosols against psocids, esfenvalerate, methoprene, and a combination of these two insecticides were ineffective against all major species (70).…”

CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION PROFILES OF FIVE POSSIBLE CYTOCHROME P450 GENES FROM Liposcelis entomophila (ENDERLEIN) (PSOCOPTERA: LIPOSCELIDIDAE)

“…Whether these failures were due to resistance or other factors was not clarified (Nayak et al., ). Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) was the most commonly occurring psocid species and has proved difficult to control because they do not respond to management tactics developed for other stored‐product pests (Opit et al., ). The other psocids, such as Liposcelis bostrychophila and Liposcelis decolor , were effectively controlled by fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos‐methyl, and pirimiphos‐methyl or by bioresmethrin and bifenthrin synergized with piperonyl butoxide (PBO).…”

Evaluation of light attraction for the stored-product psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila

“…Psocids can cause significant damage and reductions in grain weight of stored products such as rice, Oryza sativa L. (McFarlane 1982;Rees and Walker 1990) and wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Gautam et al 2013;Kučerová 2002), and contamination of food commodities (Turner 1994;Athanassiou et al 2010b). Additionally, several psocids have been documented to be resistant to the fumigant phosphine (Ho and Winks 1995;Nayak et al 1998;2003;Nayak and Collins 2008;Nayak et al 2014), contact insecticides such as carbamates (Nayak et al 1998), pyrethroids (Nayak et al 1998(Nayak et al , 2002Opit et al 2012), organophosphates (Ding et al 2002;Dou et al 2006), pyrethrins (Athanassiou et al 2009), spinosad (Nayak et al 2005;Athanassiou et al 2009), and the insect growth regulator methoprene (Athanassiou et al 2010a).…”