Susceptibility of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins to oxidative modification in subjects with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, pattern B

Chait, Alan; Brazg, Ronald; Tribble, Diane L.; Krauss, Ronald M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(93)90144-e

Cited by 504 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This observation has been confirmed in prospective studies (Gardner et al, 1996;Stampfer et al, 1996;Lamarche et al, 1997). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association: their low affinity to the LDL receptor, low resistance to oxidative stress, prolonged plasma half-life, high binding affinity to surface components in the vessel wall and efficient penetration into the intima (Chait et al, 1993;Chapman et al, 1998;Brewer, 1999). The formation of sdLDL is considered to involve several metabolic pathways that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors (Austin, 1994;Berneis and Krauss, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

et al. 2005

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Background: The importance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol in coronary heart disease has been demonstrated in many studies. Body fat accumulation, especially abdominal adiposity, is one of the important factors modifying the expression of sdLDL in adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and to investigate its relationship with anthropometric and metabolic variables. Subjects: A total of 30 obese children (22 males, 8 females) aged 12.670.6 years (mean7s.e.), who presented to our outpatient clinic with obesity. Methods: LDL peak particle diameter was determined using gel electrophoresis. LDL subclasses were classified into sdLDL (pattern B; diametero25.5 nm) and non-sdLDL (pattern A; diameterX25.5 nm). Anthropometric and metabolic variables were also determined to identify factors modifying LDL particle size. Results: sdLDL was detected in 11 children (40.0%). In children with sdLDL, waist/height ratio was significantly higher (P ¼ 0.0466), and they had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) (P ¼ 0.0035) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels (P ¼ 0.036). Peak LDL diameter as a continuous variable was significantly correlated with HDLC and TG levels. In multiple regression analysis, body mass index and waist/height ratio were significant determinants of the peak LDL diameter variability. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and a relationship of peak LDL diameter with abdominal fat accumulation, HDLC and TG levels. The presence of sdLDL might be an important risk factor for the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children

et al. 2005

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“…33) Usually, individuals with elevated triglycerides exhibit a preponderance of small dense particles known as the LDL phenotype referred to as "pattern A". 34) There must be an intimate relationship between the metabolism of IDL and the production of smaller LDL; experimental and clinical data have demonstrated that both of these lipid fractions exert atherogenic effects. 35) In terms of the LDL subclass profile, the variable of interest becomes the quantitative amount, as investigated in this study, rather than the LDL peak size determined by gradient gel electrophoresis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations in Lipoproteins as Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Takahashi¹,

Taguchi²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2012

Int. Heart J.

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SummarySince distinct cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in major lipoproteins and their subclasses may be related to atherosclerosis, we investigated the relationship of cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in lipoprotein subclasses and the severity of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. We studied 116 apparently healthy Japanese men (53 ± 9 years) without a history of cardiovascular diseases who were not taking any medication. Carotid IMT was measured by means of high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in major lipoproteins and their subclasses were determined by HPLC with gel permeation columns. By univariate analyses, carotid IMT was the most closely related to age (r = 0.528, P < 0.001), followed by smoking habit expressed as pack-year cigarette consumption (r = 0.409, P < 0.001). In addition to total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, carotid IMT was significantly associated with cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in several LDL and VLDL subclasses. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.436, P < 0.001), smoking (pack-years) (β = 0.225, P = 0.007), and large LDL cholesterol (β = 0.175, P = 0.023) were independent predictors of determining carotid IMT (adjusted R 2 = 0.347, P < 0.001). These results indicate that large LDL cholesterol is an important, independent determinant of carotid IMT in healthy men. (Int Heart J 2012; 53: 29-34) Key words: Intima-media thickness, Lipoprotein, Large low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, High-performance liquid chromatography, Carotid artery T he plasma lipid profile is the most important indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Several components have been proposed as atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and small dense LDL.1,2) Low HDL cholesterol concentrations have gained notice for potentially increasing risk and promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Among plasma lipids, LDL still accounts for the bulk of clinical attention for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 3)However, lipoproteins are a heterogeneous group of particles that differ in terms of their physicochemical properties and biological behaviors. Increasingly, attempts have been made to improve evaluation by considering particular subfractions of plasma lipids, in particular LDL and HDL subclasses of atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins. 4) Recently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a gel permeation column has been established as an alternative method for classifying and quantifying lipoproteins on the basis of differences in particle size. 5,6) Intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid arteries, measured with high-resolution ultrasonography, is currently the standard clinical marker and a quantitative measure of atherosclerosis; a graded, predictive relationship to over...

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“…Also decrease in HDL levels was more pronounced in HD group compared to the PD group which could be responsible for decreased paraxonase activity. Evidence is strong that low HDL cholesterol is a marker for the presence of small, dense, cholesterol-depleted LDL in the circulation, which itself increases the risk of atherosclerosis, probably because of its susceptibility to oxidation (9). It has been shown that PON1 is sensitive to oxidants and is inactivated by oxidized lipids (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%