Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to UV irradiation

Heilingloh, Christiane Silke; Aufderhorst, Ulrich Wilhelm; Schipper, Leonie; Dittmer, Ulf; Witzke, Oliver; Yang, Dongliang; Zheng, Xin; Sutter, Kathrin; Trilling, Mirko; Alt, Mira; Steinmann, Eike; Krawczyk, Adalbert

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.031

Cited by 332 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A recent study looked at the combined effectiveness of UV-A/UV-C irradiation of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to UV-A or UV-C alone 10 . The study found that UV-A was a poor means of inactivating SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to inactivation by 1.94 mW/cm 2 UV-C. Of note, our results were generated using a lower dose of UV-C (0.849 mW/cm 2 ) and a quicker time (4 – 9 s rather than 9 min with UV-C alone).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

Storm

McKay

Downs

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

136

121

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 52 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 1 million deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

Storm

McKay

Downs

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

136

121

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“…Comparison of different commercially available mouthwashes based on the well-established antiseptically effective actives chlorhexidinedigluconate (CHX) and octenidinedihydrochloride (OCT) was conducted considering the European Standard EN 14476 [7]. The assays were carried out using an isolated SARS-CoV-2 outbreak strain [8] in the presence of low organic soiling (i.e. 0.3 g/L bovine serum albumin) as requested by EN 14476 [7] to also consider potential quenching of the actives by protein load as has been described before [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative suspensions tests were carried out as described in EN 14476 [7]. Briefly, efficacy against SARS CoV-2 [8] was studied using commercially available mouthwashes. A commercially available ready-to-use formulation designated formulation A (100 g contains: 0.1 g Chlorhexidine bis-(D-gluconate); GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Health GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) was used as one test formulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the in vitro-efficacy of different mouthwash solutions targeting SARS-CoV-2 based on the European Standard EN 14476

Steinhauer

Meister

Todt

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic is triggering a global health emergency alert, and recent research is indicating the relevance of aerosols in the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this study antiseptic mouthwashes based on the actives chlorhexidine (CHX) and octenidine (OCT) were investigated regarding their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 using EN 14476. Based on the requirement of EN 14476 (i.e. reduction of viral titer by ≥ 4 log 10), the OCT-based formulation was effective within only 15 sec against SARS-CoV-2, and thus constitutes an interesting candidate for future clinical studies to prove its effectiveness in a potential prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols.

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“…While germicidal UVC is likely more effective, there is evidence that other wavelengths of light have germicidal properties, including, far-UVC (222 nm), UVB, UVA, visible (400–700 nm) and infrared ( 92 ). It is likely that higher doses of these wavelengths will be required for a similar efficacy as germicidal UVC (254 nm), which was more effective than UVA (365 nm) at inactivating SARS-CoV-2 ( 93 ).…”

Section: Could Uv Light Have Harmful or Beneficial Effects On Covid-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update

Gorman

Weller

2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic, researchers have been seeking low-cost and accessible means of providing protection from its harms, particularly for at-risk individuals such as those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. One possible way is via safe sun exposure, and/or dietary supplementation with induced beneficial mediators (e.g., vitamin D). In this narrative review, we provide rationale and updated evidence on the potential benefits and harms of sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) light that may impact COVID-19. We review recent studies that provide new evidence for any benefits (or otherwise) of UV light, sun exposure, and the induced mediators, vitamin D and nitric oxide, and their potential to modulate morbidity and mortality induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus-2). We identified substantial interest in this research area, with many commentaries and reviews already published; however, most of these have focused on vitamin D, with less consideration of UV light (or sun exposure) or other mediators such as nitric oxide. Data collected to-date suggest that ambient levels of both UVA and UVB may be beneficial for reducing severity or mortality due to COVID-19, with some inconsistent findings. Currently unresolved are the nature of the associations between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and COVID-19 measures, with more prospective data needed that better consider lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and personal sun exposure levels. Another short-coming has been a lack of measurement of sun exposure, and its potential to influence COVID-19 outcomes. We also discuss possible mechanisms by which sun exposure, UV light and induced mediators could affect COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, by focusing on likely effects on viral pathogenesis, immunity and inflammation, and potential cardiometabolic protective mechanisms. Finally, we explore potential issues including the impacts of exposure to high dose UV radiation on COVID-19 and vaccination, and effective and safe doses for vitamin D supplementation.

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Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to UV irradiation

Abstract: Highlights SARS-CoV-2 is highly susceptible to irradiation with ultraviolet light. High viral loads of 5 * 10 6 TCID 50 /ml SARS-CoV-2 can be inactivated in 9 minutes by UVC irradiation. UVC irradiation represents a suitable disinfection method for SARS-CoV-2.

Cited by 332 publications

References 5 publications

Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

Comparison of the in vitro-efficacy of different mouthwash solutions targeting SARS-CoV-2 based on the European Standard EN 14476

Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update

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