Susceptibility of in vitro produced hatched bovine blastocysts to infection with bluetongue virus serotype 8

Vandaele, Leen; Wesselingh, W.; Clercq, Kris De; Leeuw, Ilse De; Favoreel, Herman; Soom, Ann Van; Nauwynck, Hans

doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-14

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the present study, BTV-1 infection during early stage of gestation resulted in reduced implantation sites, early embryonic death, abortion, fetal resorption, mummification, and hemorrrages and necrosis of embryos. Exposure of bovine and caprine blastocysts to BTV-8 resulted in active viral replication leads to growth arrest and significant levels of cellular apoptosis 37,38 . This might the reason for lesions noticed during early stage in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Saminathan

Vineetha

Maity

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Transplacental transmission (TPT) of wild-type Indian BTV-1 had never been experimentally proved. This study was first time investigated TPT of Indian BTV-1 (isolated from aborted and stillborn goat fetal spleens). The sequential pathology, virological and immune cell kinetics (CD4 + , CD8 + T-lymphocytes and NK cells in spleen and PBMCs), and apoptosis in IFNAR1-blocked pregnant mice during early (infected on 1 GD) and mid (infected on 8 GD) gestation have been studied. There was higher rate of TPT during mid stage (71.43%) than early (57.14%) stage. In early stage reduced implantation sites, early embryonic deaths, abortions, and necro-haemorrhagic lesions had observed. Mid stage, congenital defects and neurological lesions in foetuses like haemorrhages, diffuse cerebral edema, necrotizing encephalitis and decreased bone size (Alizarin red staining) were noticed. BTV-1 antigen was first time demonstrable in cells of mesometrium, decidua of embryos, placenta, uterus, ovary, and brain of foetuses by immunohistochemistry and quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. BTV-inoculated mice were seroconverted by 7 and 5 dpi, and reached peak levels by 15 and 9 dpi in early and mid gestation, respectively. CD4 + and CD8 + cells were significantly decreased (increased ratio) on 7 dpi but subsequently increased on 15 dpi in early gestation. In mid gestation, increased CD8 + cells (decreased ratio) were observed. Apoptotic cells in PBMCs and tissues increased during peak viral load. This first time TPT of wild-type Indian BTV-1 deserves to be reported for implementation of control strategies. This model will be very suitable for further research into mechanisms of TPT, overwintering, and vaccination strategies.Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, insect-borne (mainly biting midges of Culicoides spp.) disease of domestic (primarily sheep) and wild ruminants, caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV is the prototype member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae 1 . Most prominent clinical signs of BT are usually seen in sheep. Experiment-2.The mid stage pregnant mice were inoculated I/V with 50 μl of inoculum containing 1 × 10 6 TCID 50 /ml of BTV-1 at 8 GD and acted as infected group. The mice were injected with anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P at 24 hours before BTV-1 infection. The control mid pregnant mice received I/V 50 μl of uninfected tissue culture medium and 24 h before, anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P and acted as placebo. Three mice from BTV-1 inoculated and two mice from control pregnant groups were sequentially euthanized by cervical dislocation on 1 (9 GD), 2 (10 GD), 3 (11 GD), 5 (13 GD), 7 (15 GD), 9 (17 GD), and 12/13 (20/21) dpi. The dams and all foetuses were examined thoroughly during post-mortem and body weight of foetuses was recorded.inocula. The bluetongue virus serotype-1 used in this experiment was isolated from stillborn and aborted fetal spleens of goats in July 2007 at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India 20 . The BTV-1...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Saminathan

Vineetha

Maity

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A recent study has demonstrated that zonae pellucidae-free bovine blastocysts are susceptible to BTV-8 infection in vitro, and that infection induces apoptotic cell death of blastomeres. The study concluded that infection of early embryos/blastocysts in utero may contribute to early embryonic losses associated with BTV-8 infection in cattle (Vandaele et al, 2011).…”

Section: Experimental Infections To Study Reproductive Failures Assocmentioning

confidence: 97%

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

et al. 2014

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Experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (BTV) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18 th century. Studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding BTV transmission, bluetongue (BT) pathogenicity/pathogenesis, viral virulence, the induced immune response, as well as reproductive failures associated with BTV infection. These studies have in many cases been complemented by in vitro studies with BTV in different cell types in tissue culture. Together these studies have formed the basis for the understanding of BTV-host interaction and have contributed to the design of successful control strategies, including the development of effective vaccines. This review describes some of the fundamental and contemporary infection studies that have been conducted with BTV in the mammalian host and provides an overview of the principal animal welfare issues that should be considered when designing experimental infection studies with BTV in in vivo infection models.Examples are provided from the authors' own laboratory where the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) have been implemented in the design of experimental infection 2 studies with BTV in mice and goats. The use of the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of data from animal infection studies is emphasised.

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“…The infected blastocysts also stopped growing, as shown by lower total cell numbers and a significant level of cellular apoptosis. The authors concluded from this in vitro study that some of the reproductive problems that are reported when cattle herds are infected with BTV-8 (Hanon et al, 2009) may be attributed to direct infection of blastocysts and other earlystage embryos in utero (Vandaele et al, 2011).…”

Section: Transmission By Embryo Transfer Of Different Btv Serotypes Amentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This gap in the knowledge was recently partly filled for cattle by the study of Vandaele et al (2011) and for goats by Al Ahmad et al (2011). This gap in the knowledge was recently partly filled for cattle by the study of Vandaele et al (2011) and for goats by Al Ahmad et al (2011).…”

Section: Transmission By Embryo Transfer Of Different Btv Serotypes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on bluetongue serotype 8

Bøtner¹,

Oura

Saegerman

et al. 2011

EFS2

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To answer a question from the European Commission on the potential special characteristics of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 (BTV-8) compared to other serotypes and their possible impact on the epidemiology of the disease, a systematic literature review was carried out by a working group established by the Animal Health and Welfare Panel. Currently, three special features can be assigned to BTV-8, which are the ability to cause serious disease in cattle and goats, the ability to be transmitted transplacentally, and the ability to contaminate semen. The transplacental transmission and the contamination of semen are also observed for several serotypes of modified live virus (MLV) vaccines and for some cell culture/egg passaged strains. These two features may have an impact on the epidemiology of the disease, since they may increase the ability of BTV-8 to survive the winter period, for example, when pregnant cows are infected in late autumn and give birth to viraemic offspring in the next vector season, or, through infecting the recipient dam via artificial insemination (AI) with frozen contaminated semen. Furthermore, the chance of BTV-8 spread may be increased either through movement of seropositive but virus negative pregnant animals, which may give birth to viraemic calves, or through natural mating or AI using BTV-8 contaminated semen by transmission from semen to receiving dam. The current legislation provides effective measures to ensure that all dams are immune to BTV before insemination or mating, so there is no subsequent risk of transplacental infection of their offspring. Furthermore, pregnant animals are effectively restricted in their movement. More research is needed to determine whether oral transmission and/or transmission through embryo transfer are more likely to occur for BTV-8 than for other BTV serotypes.

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Susceptibility of in vitro produced hatched bovine blastocysts to infection with bluetongue virus serotype 8

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

Scientific Opinion on bluetongue serotype 8

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