Susceptibility of hepatitis B virus to disinfectants or heat

Kobayashi, Hiroyoshi; Tsuzuki, Mikio; Koshimizu, Kaoru; Toyama, Hirohide; Yoshihara, Naoki; Shikata, Toshio; Abe, Kenji; Mizuno, Kyosuke; Otomo, Naoki; Oda, Tetsuji

doi:10.1128/jcm.20.2.214-216.1984

Cited by 104 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Limited, unpublished data with HBV and Tupaia hepatocytes corroborate these findings (personal communication: D. Glebe, Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany). This is also in agreement with the susceptibility of levels of HBV detected by direct chimpanzee inoculation [30] . Thus, the results presented for DHBV are likely also valid for HBV.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Biocides Using Duck Hbvsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the in vitro propagation of non-cytopathogenic HBV is difficult, especially in obtaining human liver cells. Historically, the virucidal efficacy of biocides has been stringently determined in vivo through the use of chimpanzee infection assays, albeit with decreased sensitivity [30][31][32][33][34] . Currently, animal protection and economic reasons prohibit the use of higher primates for routine tests of commercial products [35] .…”

Section: Of Biocides Against Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is hepatitis B-virucidal validation of biocides possible with the use of surrogates?

Sauerbrei

2014

WJG

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The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered to be a major public health problem worldwide, and a significant number of reports on nosocomial outbreaks of HBV infections have been reported. Prevention of indirect HBV transmission by contaminated objects is only possible through the use of infection-control principles, including the use of chemical biocides, which are proven to render the virus non-infectious. The virucidal activity of biocides against HBV cannot be predicted; therefore, validation of the virucidal action of disinfectants against HBV is essential. However, feasible HBV infectivity assays have not yet been established. Thus, surrogate models have been proposed for testing the efficacy of biocides against HBV. Most of these assays do not correlate with HBV infectivity. Currently, the most promising and feasible assay is the use of the taxonomically related duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), which belongs to the same Hepadnaviridae virus family. This paper reviews the application of DHBV, which can be propagated in vitro in primary duck embryonic hepatocytes, for the testing of biocides and describes why this model can be used as reliable method to evaluate disinfectants for efficacy against HBV. The susceptibility levels of important biocides, which are often used as ingredients for commercially available disinfectants, are also described.

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Section: Evaluation Of Biocides Using Duck Hbvsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Of Biocides Against Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is hepatitis B-virucidal validation of biocides possible with the use of surrogates?

Sauerbrei

2014

WJG

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“…We were able to show a reproducible activity with all disinfectants at the commonly used concentrations and exposure times, even with different types of organic load. Alcohols have been described to have immediate, very good activity 22 against many different enveloped viruses such as orthopoxvirus, 23,24 influenza A virus, 23,24 herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, 24 Newcastle disease virus, 25 togavirus, 26 hepatitis B virus [27][28][29] and human immunodeficiency virus. 24,30,31 Our finding with SARS-CoV is therefore in line with previously reported data against many other enveloped viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus

Rabenau

Kampf

Cinatl

et al. 2005

Journal of Hospital Infection

261

248

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The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Asia and Northern America led to broad use of various types of disinfectant in order to control the public spread of the highly contagious virus. However, only limited data were available to demonstrate their efficacy against SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). We therefore investigated eight disinfectants for their activity against SARS-CoV according to prEN 14476. Four hand rubs were tested at 30s (Sterillium, based on 45% iso-propanol, 30% n-propanol and 0.2% mecetronium etilsulphate; Sterillium Rub, based on 80% ethanol; Sterillium Gel, based on 85% ethanol; Sterillium Virugard, based on 95% ethanol). Three surface disinfectants were investigated at 0.5% for 30 min and 60 min (Mikrobac forte, based on benzalkonium chloride and laurylamine; Kohrsolin FF, based on benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde and didecyldimonium chloride; Dismozon pur, based on magnesium monoperphthalate), and one instrument disinfectant was investigated at 4% for 15 min, 3% for 30 min and 2% for 60 min [Korsolex basic, based on glutaraldehyde and (ethylenedioxy)dimethanol]. Three types of organic load were used: 0.3% albumin, 10% fetal calf serum, and 0.3% albumin with 0.3% sheep erythrocytes. Virus titres were determined by a quantitative test (endpoint titration) in 96-well microtitre plates. With all tested preparations, SARS-CoV was inactivated to below the limit of detection (reduction factor mostly > or =4), regardless of the type of organic load. In summary, SARS-CoV can be inactivated quite easily with many commonly used disinfectants.

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“…Preparations containing less than 85% ethanol are usually less effective against viruses (570), although they may reveal sufficient activity within 10 min against various nonenveloped viruses such as adenovirus, poliovirus, echovirus, or Coxsackie virus (268). Under variable test conditions and at different exposure times, ethanol has broad general activity against the enveloped viruses, such as vaccinia virus (61,184,185,268), influenza A virus (185,268), togaviruses (77), Newcastle disease virus (97), HIV (346,529), HBV (68,272), and herpes simplex viruses (268).…”

Section: Ethanol Isopropanol and N-propanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs

2004

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The etiology of nosocomial infections, the frequency of contaminated hands with the different nosocomial pathogens, and the role of health care workers' hands during outbreaks suggest that a hand hygiene preparation should at least have activity against bacteria, yeasts, and coated viruses. The importance of efficacy in choosing the right hand hygiene product is reflected in the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline on hand hygiene (J. M. Boyce and D. Pittet, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51:1-45, 2002). The best antimicrobial efficacy can be achieved with ethanol (60 to 85%), isopropanol (60 to 80%), and n-propanol (60 to 80%). The activity is broad and immediate. Ethanol at high concentrations (e.g., 95%) is the most effective treatment against naked viruses, whereas n-propanol seems to be more effective against the resident bacterial flora. The combination of alcohols may have a synergistic effect. The antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine (2 to 4%) and triclosan (1 to 2%) is both lower and slower. Additionally, both agents have a risk of bacterial resistance, which is higher for chlorhexidine than triclosan. Their activity is often supported by the mechanical removal of pathogens during hand washing. Taking the antimicrobial efficacy and the mechanical removal together, they are still less effective than the alcohols. Plain soap and water has the lowest efficacy of all. In the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline, promotion of alcohol-based hand rubs containing various emollients instead of irritating soaps and detergents is one strategy to reduce skin damage, dryness, and irritation. Irritant contact dermatitis is highest with preparations containing 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, less frequent with nonantimicrobial soaps and preparations containing lower concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate, and lowest with well-formulated alcohol-based hand rubs containing emollients and other skin conditioners. Too few published data from comparative trials are available to reliably rank triclosan. Personnel should be reminded that it is neither necessary nor recommended to routinely wash hands after each application of an alcohol-based hand rub. Long-lasting improvement of compliance with hand hygiene protocols can be successful if an effective and accessible alcohol-based hand rub with a proven dermal tolerance and an excellent user acceptability is supplied, accompanied by education of health care workers and promotion of the use of the product

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Susceptibility of hepatitis B virus to disinfectants or heat

Cited by 104 publications

References 10 publications

Is hepatitis B-virucidal validation of biocides possible with the use of surrogates?

Is hepatitis B-virucidal validation of biocides possible with the use of surrogates?

Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus

Epidemiologic Background of Hand Hygiene and Evaluation of the Most Important Agents for Scrubs and Rubs

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