Susceptibility of germfree or antibiotic-treated adult mice to Cryptosporidium parvum

Harp, James A.; Wannemuehler, M W; Woodmansee, Douglas B.; Moon, Harley W.

doi:10.1128/iai.56.8.2006-2010.1988

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In mice, exposure to the parasite does not appear necessary for the development of resistance to infection. Mice older than 3 weeks of age are resistant to C. parvum, even in the absence of previous exposure (7,9,12,19). This resistance coincides with the development of mature intestinal flora, which in the mouse occurs at about 3 weeks of age (6,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Human cryptosporidiosis is more common in children than in adults (8,20). Infant laboratory mice are susceptible to C. parvum infection, while adults are resistant even in the absence of previous exposure to the parasite (7,9,12,19). This agerelated resistance in mice may be partly due to the acquisition of mature intestinal flora, since adult germfree mice are susceptible to infection with C. parvum (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resistance of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum: effects of age and previous exposure

1990

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrheal disease in many vertebrate species, including young (less than or equal to 1 month old) calves. Older calves and adult cattle are resistant to infection. In this study, newborn calves were raised in isolation from C. parvum for 1 week to 3 months before experimental challenge with the parasite. Calves orally challenged with C. parvum at 1 week of age shed oocysts in their feces and had diarrhea after challenge exposure. When these calves were rechallenged at 1 and 3 months of age, they neither shed oocysts nor had diarrhea. There was no significant increase in the mean anticryptosporidium enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serum antibody titer in these calves following any of the challenge exposures. Calves orally inoculated with C. parvum for the first time at 1 month of age shed oocysts, had diarrhea after challenge exposure, and were resistant to rechallenge at 3 months of age. These calves had a twofold increase in serum antibody titer after the first challenge and no increase after the second challenge. Calves orally inoculated with C. parvum for the first time at 3 months of age shed oocysts, and two of seven animals had diarrhea. These calves had a 10-fold increase in serum antibody to C. parvum after exposure. This study demonstrates that calves raised in isolation from C. parvum remain susceptible to challenge until at least 3 months of age. Furthermore, within this time period, initial exposure and recovery renders calves resistant to further challenge with the parasite. The data also suggest that exposure of young calves to C. parvum may inhibit the development of a serum antibody response to the parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Resistance of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum: effects of age and previous exposure

1990

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“…O papel da microbiota intestinal na proteção contra parasitas intestinais não se restringe aos protozoários que vivem na luz intestinal, sendo também reconhecido no caso de protozoários intracelulares. Assim, verificou-se que camundongos "germ-free", recém nascidos ou adultos, são mais susceptíveis às infecções por Cryptosporidium que camundongos adultos convencionais, cujas microbiotas já estão estabelecidas (HARP et al, 1988;HARP et al, 1992). De acordo com HARP (2003), a atuação da microbiota intestinal na expressão de maior resistência poderia estar relacionada às seguintes possibilidades: bloqueio de receptores específicos do parasita pela simples presença física das bactérias no intestino, produção de substâncias pelas bactérias que seriam tóxicas para Cryptosporidium ou estimulação de algum componente do sistema imunológico pelas bactérias, aumentando a resistência contra esse parasita.…”

Section: Potencial Terapêutico Dos Probióticos Nas Parasitoses Intestunclassified

Potencial bioterapêutico dos probióticos nas parasitoses intestinais

2008

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Potencial bioterapêutico dos probióticos nas parasitoses intestinais RESUMOProbióticos são microrganismos vivos que, se administrados em quantidades adequadas, promovem benefícios à saúde do homem e dos animais. O crescente interesse nos probióticos fundamenta-se em estudos clínicos nos quais a administração desses organismos foi avaliada na prevenção e no tratamento de desordens intestinais e sistêmicas. Os potenciais mecanismos de ação desses microrganismos incluem a exclusão competitiva, a produção de metabólitos com atividade antimicrobiana e a modulação da resposta imune. Em algumas circunstâncias clínicas específicas, os benefícios produzidos por esses microrganismos foram amplamente documentados, enquanto que em outras os resultados são contraditórios. No presente artigo de revisão, os probióticos foram abordados considerando-se o potencial bioterapêutico desses microrganismos nas parasitoses intestinais.Palavras-chave: probióticos, uso terapêutico, parasitas intestinais. ABSTRACT Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, beneficially affect the general health status of man and animal. The great interest in probiotic microganisms is based on evidences from clinical studies indicating benefits in the prevention or treatment of a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. The potential mechanisms by which probiotics beneficially affecthealth include strengthening of the intestinal barrier, modulation of the immune response, and antagonism of pathogens either by the production of antimicrobial compounds or through competition for mucosal binding sites. In some specific clinical circumstances, there is clear evidence of benefit whereas in others, the results are dubious and important questions remaining unanswered. The aim of this review article is to focus probiotics on their potential as biotherapeutic agents against intestinal parasites.

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“…Similarly, it does not depend solely upon the presence of a normal intestinal microflora. Normal adult conventional mice remained resistant to Cryptosporidium infection after treatment with antibiotics designed to deplete intestinal microflora (22).…”

Section: Age-related Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric protozoa in ruminants : diagnosis and control of cryptosporidium the role of the immune response

Hill¹

1990

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed by histological examination of tissues or microscopic examination of faecal material to reveal large numbers of endogenous or exogenous parasitic stages. The contribution made by Cryptosporidium to a diarrhoeal disease outbreak should be decided after testing for the presence of other known enteropathogens. Comparison between immunocompetent and immunodeficient animals with cryptosporidiosis indicates that immunity does influence the outcome of the disease; the latter group suffers persistent infection whereas the disease is transient in normal individuals. Experimental evidence from ruminant infections has shown that titres of secretory IgM and IgA rise in association with declining oocyst output; this evidence suggests that these antibodies act by preventing penetration of motile stages. Furthermore, experimental prevention of infection in infant mice and rats indicates that the role of passive lacteal immunity in ruminants deserves investigation.

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Susceptibility of germfree or antibiotic-treated adult mice to Cryptosporidium parvum

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Resistance of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum: effects of age and previous exposure

Resistance of calves to Cryptosporidium parvum: effects of age and previous exposure

Potencial bioterapêutico dos probióticos nas parasitoses intestinais

Enteric protozoa in ruminants : diagnosis and control of cryptosporidium the role of the immune response

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