Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to penicillin, apalcillin, and twelve new cephalosporins

Abstract

The susceptibility of 29 strains of Eikenella corrodens to penicillin, apalcillin, and 12 new cephalosporins was determined by the agar dilution method. Most strains were resistant to cefsulodin, and some were resistant to apalcillin and cefpiramide. Although all strains were susceptible to the other cephalosporins tested, most of those drugs were as active as or less active than penicillin. Susceptibility testing of isolates should be performed whenever a cephalosporin is used to treat infections involving E. corrodens.Eikenella corrodens has been implicated as a pathogen in a wide variety of clinical infections. Although it has been isolated as the sole pathogen in dental infections, pulmonary infections, brain abscesses, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis (2-4, 7-9, 12, 13), it is usually isolated in mixed culture. E. corrodens is susceptible to penicillin and resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins, clindamycin, and the aminoglycosides (1, 10). The in vitro activity of the cephalosporins has been inconsistent (1,5,6). In addition to its poor activity against E. corrodens, cephalothin has led to clinical therapeutic failures (1,4,13 The E. corrodens strains were taken from frozen stock culture and grown on brucella agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood and vitamin K1 (10 ,ug/ml) in 5 to 10% CO2 for 48 h. After a transfer to ensure purity, the strains were transferred to tubes containing Mueller-Hinton broth (CalScott Laboratories, Carson, Calif.) supplemented with Fildes enrichment (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and incubated overnight in 5 to 10% CO2. The turbidity was adjusted to one-half of a McFarland standard no. 1. Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep blood and antimicrobial agents at concentrations from 128 to 0.06 ,ug/ml were inoculated with a Steers replicator (Craft Machine Inc., Chester, * Corresponding author. t Address reprint requests to Ellie J. C. Goldstein, 11980 San Vicente Boulevard no. 103, Los Angeles, CA 90049. Pa.). Antibiotic solutions were freshly prepared for each test by the manufacturer's instructions. Control plates without antibiotics were inoculated before and after each series of antibiotic-containing plates were inoculated. All plates were incubated in 5 to 10% CO2 for 48 h and then examined. Control strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) were tested simultaneously on each plate.The activities of 12 new cephalosporins, apalcillin, and penicillin against 29 strains of E. corrodens is shown in Table 1. All strains tested were uniformly susceptible to ceftriaxone (<2 1±g/ml), cefotetan (<4 jig/ml), HR-810 (<4 ,ug/ml), cefmenoxime (<8 p.g/ml), cefuroxime (<8 j±g/ml), penicillin (<8 IU/ml), cefbuperazone (<16 ,ug/ml), ceforanide (<16 jxg/ml), and ceftizoxime (<16 ,ug/ml). Susceptibility to the other agents was variable. Ceftazidime showed relatively poor activity (MIC, 0.06 to 32 ,ug/ml); the activity of apalcillin and cefpiramide was also relatively poor, and some strains were resistant to these drugs. W...

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