Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal fungi to soil heating

Kipfer, Tabea; Egli, Simon; Ghazoul, Jaboury; Moser, Barbara; Wohlgemuth, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.03.008

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Post-fire impoverishment involved loss of low-frequency species (Figures 2 and 3), which suggests that taxon persistence is primarily driven by spore abundance. Laboratory manipulations show that heat reduces spore viability (Izzo et al, 2006;Kipfer et al, 2010) but species differ in their ability to survive heat, with R. olivaceotinctus spores exhibiting especially high tolerance . Our results are therefore consistent with those of previous laboratory manipulations (Izzo et al, 2006;Peay et al, 2009), greenhouse studies of ECM spore banks (Izzo et al, 2006), and the 1995 Mount Vision Fire study (Baar et al, 1999), all of which found that wildfires generally reduced ECM spore bank richness, but that Rhizopogon species increased in abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All other studies of post-fire ECM fungal recovery have primarily used space-for-time comparison where different aged fires were studied (Buscardo et al, 2010;Kipfer et al, 2011), laboratory heating experiments (Izzo et al, 2006;Peay et al, 2009;Kipfer et al, 2010) or low-intensity prescribed fires where host death was not involved (Stendell et al, 1999;Brown et al, 2013). Studying the effect of stand-replacing fire on fungi is particularly challenging because wildfire events are unpredictable and pre-fire data are seldom available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

et al. 2015

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After severe wildfires, pine recovery depends on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal spores surviving and serving as partners for regenerating forest trees. We took advantage of a large, severe natural forest fire that burned our long-term study plots to test the response of ECM fungi to fire. We sampled the ECM spore bank using pine seedling bioassays and high-throughput sequencing before and after the California Rim Fire. We found that ECM spore bank fungi survived the fire and dominated the colonization of in situ and bioassay seedlings, but there were specific fire adapted fungi such as Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus that increased in abundance after the fire. The frequency of ECM fungal species colonizing pre-fire bioassay seedlings, post-fire bioassay seedlings and in situ seedlings were strongly positively correlated. However, fire reduced the ECM spore bank richness by eliminating some of the rare species, and the density of the spore bank was reduced as evidenced by a larger number of soil samples that yielded uncolonized seedlings. Our results show that although there is a reduction in ECM inoculum, the ECM spore bank community largely remains intact, even after a high-intensity fire. We used advanced techniques for data quality control with Illumina and found consistent results among varying methods. Furthermore, simple greenhouse bioassays can be used to determine which fungi will colonize after fires. Similar to plant seed banks, a specific suite of ruderal, spore bank fungi take advantage of open niche space after fires.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

et al. 2015

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“…Kennedy et al (2015) demonstrated that forest soil type in British Columbia have greater influence than severity of fire on ectomycorrhizal communities. Although heating the soil samples collected from three depths from Scots pine forest stand in Leuk, Valais (45°C, 60°C and 70°C) reduced ectomycorrhizal species at 60°C and 70°C, some species survived heating (Kipfer et al 2010). Interestingly, low-intensity fire in site management facilitated seed germination and seedling establishment although limits ectomycorrhizal diversity up to some extent in forests of British Columbia (Wiensczyk et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fire on the macrofungal diversity in scrub jungles of south-west India

et al. 2016

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Fortnightly survey in control and fire-impacted regions of scrub jungle of south-west coast of India during south-west monsoon (50 m2 quadrats up to 10 weeks) yielded 34 and 25 species of macrofungi, respectively. The species as well as sporocarp richness were the highest during the fourth week, while the diversity attained the highest during the second week in control region. In fire-impacted region, the species and sporocarp richness and diversity peaked at sixth week. Seven species common to both regions were Chlorophyllum molybdites, Lepiota sp., Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, Marasmius sp. 3, Polyporus sp., Schizophyllum commune and Tetrapyrgos nigripes. The overall sporocarp richness was higher in fire-impacted than in control region. The Jaccard’s similarity between regions was 13.5%, while fortnights of regions ranged from 0% (10th week) to 11.7% (eighth week). Control region showed single-species dominance by Xylaria hypoxylon, while multispecies dominance by Cyathus striatus and Lentinus squarrosulus in fire-impacted region. Except for air temperature, nine abiotic factors significantly differed between control and fire-impacted regions. The Pearson correlation was positive between species richness and phosphorus content in fire-impacted region (r = 0.696), while sporocarp richness was negatively correlated with pH in control region (r = −0.640). Economically viable species were 12 and 10 without overlap in control and fire-impacted regions, respectively.

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“…This was true also in the site most severely affected by fire, where higher colonization rates would have been expected at the lower (deeper) root parts. This could have come as a result of higher exposure of the top layer to very high temperatures and buffering of the lower layer (Bastias et al, 2006, Kipfer et al, 2010. Our results might indicate a particularly high resistance 8 other variables cannot be ruled out (Pausas et al, 2002, Gray & Dighton, 2009.…”

Section: Mycorrhization and Plant Developmentmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Mycorrhizae were absent from high intensity burning treatments, while in mildly burned treatments part of the existing mycorrhizae were kept in the deeper mineral soil layers. Thus, soil horizon also mediates the impact of fires on ECM fungi (Bastias et al, 2006, Jiménez-Esquilín et al, 2007, Ponzetti et al, 2007, Kipfer et al, 2010. This is evident as heat is greater closest to the surface, and it is within the top few centimeters of soil where the majority of fungal communities are located (Dahlberg et al, 2001, Kipfer et al, 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of fire severity on ectomycorrhizal colonization and morphometric features in Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings

Gassibe

Rueda

Blanco³

et al. 2016

For. syst.

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Aim of the study: Mycorrhizal fungi in Mediterranean forests play a key role in the complex process of recovery after wildfires. A broader understanding of an important pyrophytic species as Pinus pinaster and its fungal symbionts is thus necessary for forest restoration purposes. This study aims to assess the effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis on maritime pine seedlings and how fire severity affects fungal colonization ability.Area of study: Central Spain, in a Mediterranean region typically affected by wildfires dominated by Pinus pinaster, a species adapted to fire disturbance.Material and Methods: We studied P. pinaster root apexes from seedlings grown in soils collected one year after fire in undisturbed sites, sites moderately affected by fire and sites highly affected by fire. Natural ectomycorrhization was observed at the whole root system level as well as at two root vertical sections (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). We also measured several morphometric traits (tap root length, shoot length, dry biomass of shoots and root/shoot ratio), which were used to test the influence of fire severity and soil chemistry upon them.Main results: Ectomycorrhizal colonization in undisturbed soils for total and separated root vertical sections was higher than in soils that had been affected by fire to some degree. Inversely, seedling vegetative size increased according to fire severity.Research highlights: Fire severity affected soil properties and mycorrhizal colonization one year after occurrence, thus affecting plant development. These findings can contribute to a better knowledge of the factors mediating successful establishment of P. pinaster in Mediterranean forests after wildfires.Keywords: Wildfire; mycorrhizal fungi; Maritime pine; bioassay. Citation: Vásquez-Gassibe, P., Oria-de-Rueda, J.A., Santos-del-Blanco, L., Martín-Pinto, P. (2016). The effects of fire severity on ectomycorrhizal colonization and morphometric features in Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. Forest Systems, Volume 25, Issue 1, e050. http://dx

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Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal fungi to soil heating

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Impact of fire on the macrofungal diversity in scrub jungles of south-west India

The effects of fire severity on ectomycorrhizal colonization and morphometric features in Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings

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