Susceptibility of domestic swine to experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2

Pickering, Bradley; Smith, Greg; Pinette, Mathieu; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa; Moffat, Estella; Marszal, Peter; Lewis, Charles E.

doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.288548

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, pigs could not be infected with SARS-CoV-2 intranasally [ 64 ]. This work contrasts with a study showing the live virus isolated from oronasally infected pigs and the development of a humoral immune response [ 65 ]. Others have shown that pig airway epithelial cells do not support the viral replication [ 18 ].…”

Section: Further Experimental Proof Of Permissiveness To Infectioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Animals: Reservoirs for Reverse Zoonosis and Models for Study

Prince

Smith

Radford

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought many questions over the origin of the virus, the threat it poses to animals both in the wild and captivity, and the risks of a permanent viral reservoir developing in animals. Animal experiments have shown that a variety of animals can become infected with the virus. While coronaviruses have been known to infect animals for decades, the true intermediate host of the virus has not been identified, with no cases of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animals. The screening of wild, farmed, and domesticated animals is necessary to help us understand the virus and its origins and prevent future outbreaks of both COVID-19 and other diseases. There is intriguing evidence that farmed mink infections (acquired from humans) have led to infection of other farm workers in turn, with a recent outbreak of a mink variant in humans in Denmark. A thorough examination of the current knowledge and evidence of the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect different animal species is therefore vital to evaluate the threat of animal to human transmission and reverse zoonosis.

show abstract

Section: Further Experimental Proof Of Permissiveness To Infectioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Animals: Reservoirs for Reverse Zoonosis and Models for Study

Prince

Smith

Radford

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, experimental inoculation demonstrated the susceptibility of non-human primates, ferrets, minks, cats, dogs, raccoon dogs, golden Syrian hamsters, deer mice, and white-tailed deer as evidenced by mild to moderate clinical disease and/or sustained viral replication, suggesting a productive infection after inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Whereas experimental inoculation of swine, cattle, poultry, and fruit bats have shown that these species are either not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 or that inoculation did not result in productive infection and sustained viral replication [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Inoculation of Young Calves with SARS-CoV-2

Falkenberg

Buckley

Laverack

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The host range of SARS-CoV-2 and the susceptibility of animal species to the virus are topics of great interest to the international scientific community. The angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein is the major receptor for the virus, and sequence and structural analysis of the protein has been performed to determine its cross-species conservation. Based on these analyses, cattle have been implicated as a potential susceptible species to SARS-CoV-2 and have been reported to have increased ACE2 receptor distribution in the liver and kidney, and lower levels in the lungs. The goal of the current study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to SARS-CoV-2 utilizing inoculation routes that facilitated exposure to tissues with increased ACE2 receptor distribution. For this, colostrum-deprived calves approximately 6 weeks of age were inoculated via the intratracheal or intravenous routes. Nasal and rectal swab samples, as well as blood and urine samples, were collected over the course of the study to evaluate viral shedding, viremia, and seroconversion. Pyrexia was used as the primary criteria for euthanasia and tissue samples were collected during necropsy. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in only two nasal swab samples collected on days 3 and 10 post-inoculation (pi) in two calves; one calf in the intratracheal group and the other calf in the intravenous group, respectively. Additionally, the calf in the intratracheal group that was positive on the nasal swab on day 3 pi also had a positive tracheobronchial lymph node on day 9 pi. Viral nucleic acid load on these samples, based on PCR cycle threshold values, were low and infectious virus was not recovered from the samples. These results suggest that there was no productive replication of SARS-CoV-2 in calves following intratracheal and intravenous inoculation.

show abstract

“…The science on SARS-CoV-2 is evolving rapidly and shows inconsistent findings on the potential role of pigs in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. While two experiments showed that juvenile pigs were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 inoculated at < 10 6 PFU ( Meekins et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020 ), a more recent experiment showed that SARS-CoV-2 does replicate at low levels in 8 week old domestic pigs when inoculated oronasally at 10 6 PFU ( Pickering et al, 2020 ) and that SARS-CoV-2 does infect and cause damage to cultured porcine cells ( Meekins et al, 2020 ). Similarly, while multiple studies have demonstrated that pig ACE2 receptors (a mechanism of viral entry into host cells) show high affinity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding ( Wan et al, 2020 ; Zhai et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ), another suggests that pig ACE2 should have low compatibility for SARS-CoV-2 ( Damas et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Why Might Pigs Contribute To Emergence Of Zoonotic Covs?mentioning

confidence: 99%