Susceptibility of bovid herpesvirus 1 to antiviral drugs: in vitro versus in vivo efficacy of (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine

Abstract

The relative efficacies of a variety of antiviral drugs against bovid herpesvirus 1 was investigated. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and trifluorothymidine were found to be inhibitory at doses of 0.01 ,ug/ml in in vitro yield reduction and plaque reduction assays. In contrast, acylovir was inactive even at concentrations as high as 1,000 ,ug/ml. Other drugs, including phosphonoformic acid, 9-0-Darabinofuranosyladenine, 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine, and 1-3-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine were active at concentrations previously shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus. Oral administration of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine to calves infected with bovid herpesvirus 1 had no effect on the level of virus shedding, clinical signs, or susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection with Pasteurella haemolytica. The reason for this lack of in vivo activity was that sufficient levels of the drug in blood were not achieved by oral administration.

Antiviral activity of Agaricus blazei Murrill ss. Heinem extract against human and bovine herpesviruses in cell culture

“…The authors demonstrated a greater activity of the alcoholic fractions in comparison to the aqueous extract, however these effect were demonstrated in therapeutic protocol. The difference in susceptibility to antiviral agents between HSV-1 and BoHV-1 was observed to acyclovir, due to mutations in the genes of the thymidine kinase (1). In this study we observed that extract was more effective in inhibiting HSV-1 infection.…”

In vitro efficacy of ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, foscarnet, idoxuridine, and acyclovir against feline herpesvirus type-1

“…Certain kinasedeficient strains of herpesviruses, as well as many nonherpesviruses, are predictably resistant to the acyclic nucleoside analogues. 19 Because FHV-1 and some other herpesviruses are relatively resistant to acyclovir, some authors 12,16,[20][21][22] have suggested that these viruses lack the kinase necessary to initiate activation of acyclovir. The relatively high IC 50 for acyclovir in the study reported here confirms the relative resistance of FHV-1 to acyclovir.…”

Brivudine: A herpes virostatic with rapid antiviral activity and once-daily dosing

“…In vitro analyses of antiviral susceptibility have established the efficacy of brivudine against a number of clinically relevant viruses, most notably HSV-1 (14) and varicella-zoster (15). ence antiviral drugs against HSV-1 and 2.…”