Susceptibility of Borrelia afzelii strains to antimicrobial agents

Ružić‐Sabljić, Eva; Podreka, Tjaša; Maraspin, Vera; Strle, Franc

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.007

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since no clinical guidelines exist for the treatment of HTBRF, and clinical experience is limited, our in vitro findings are of great interest and warrant further study, including in vivo studies. Of note, the susceptibilities of B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates in this study to various antibiotics, including amoxicillin, were comparable to those determined in previous studies (Table 3) (17,18,24,25). Also, the susceptibilities of B. hermsii and B. miyamotoi to doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin that we report here are in line with previous studies, which showed similar susceptibilities of other RF Borrelia species to tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and macrolides (16,19,(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

Koetsveld

Draga

Wagemakers

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Hard-tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF) is an emerging infectious disease throughout the temperate zone caused by the relapsing-fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi. Antibiotic treatment of HTBRF is empirically based on the treatment of Lyme borreliosis; however, the antibiotic susceptibility of B. miyamotoi has not been studied to date. Thus, we set out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of B. miyamotoi. A microdilution method with 96-well microtiter plates was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of two B. miyamotoi strains isolated on two different continents (Asia and North America), two Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains, and one Borrelia hermsii isolate for purposes of comparison. The MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by both microscopy and colorimetric assays. We were able to show that relative to the B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates, both B. miyamotoi strains and B. hermsii demonstrated greater susceptibility to doxycycline and azithromycin, equal susceptibility to ceftriaxone, and resistance to amoxicillin in vitro. The MIC and MBC of amoxicillin for B. miyamotoi evaluated by microscopy were 16 to 32 mg/liter and 32 to 128 mg/liter, respectively. Since B. miyamotoi is susceptible to doxycycline, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone in vitro, our data suggest that these antibiotics can be used for the treatment of HTBRF. Oral amoxicillin is currently used as an alternative for the treatment of HTBRF; however, since we found that the B. miyamotoi strains tested were resistant to amoxicillin in vitro, this issue warrants further study. KEYWORDS hard-tick-borne relapsing fever, relapsing-fever borrelia, Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobials T he relapsing-fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi was first described in Japan in 1995 (1). While it is phylogenetically closely related to other relapsing-fever (RF) spirochetes, such as Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia turicatae (transmitted by soft ticks), and Borrelia recurrentis (transmitted by body lice), it is transmitted by hard-bodied Ixodes ticks across the temperate zone (2). Ixodes ticks concomitantly transmit spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group, which are known to cause Lyme borreliosis (3). The incidence of B. miyamotoi in Ixodes ticks is lower than that of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, with infection rates ranging from 0 to 15.4% in the United States and as high as 4% in Europe and Japan (2, 4, 5). RF Borrelia spirochetes cause a variety of diseases, which are characterized by episodes of high fever separated by periods of relative well-being. The clinical presentation of disease caused by B. miyamotoi, however, appears to differ from that of classical RF, since relapsing-fever episodes have been observed only in 10% of patients infected with B. miyamotoi, and their levels of spirochetemia are calculated to be low (6, 7). Since most patients with B. miyamotoi infection are usually treated with antibiotics, this ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These antibiotics are used in standard regimens for the treatment of Lyme borreliosis. Amikacin was used as a negative control, since Borrelia spirochetes are known to be resistant to this antibiotic agent (18,24,34). Detailed information is shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

Koetsveld

Draga

Wagemakers

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Failures in antibiotic treatment have been reported with all antibiotic regiments used in the treatment of lyme borreliosis (21,25). The reason can be an inappropriate antibiotic, according to the stage of the disease, and inappropriate duration of treatment, persistence of Borreliae in the tissue (36), persistence of atypical forms of spirochetes – cysts, irreversible tissue damage caused by borrelial infection, immunopathologic changes following eradication of agent, misdiagnosis, or even re‐infection (37). Re‐infection is characterized as EM that appears at the different localization than original EM lesion.…”

Section: Pregnancy and Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme borreliosis treatment

Vaňousová

Hercogová

2008

Dermatol Ther

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Lyme borreliosis is the most common human tick-borne illness in the Northern Hemisphere. The causative agent is the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi species complex, and the hard-shell ticks of the genus Ixodes is responsible for pathogen transmission from animals to humans. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year and although lyme disease is not fatal, it can affect the skin, heart, nervous, and musculoskeletal system with an impairment of quality of life. The appropriate diagnosis of lyme disease should be promptly treated by antibiotics to prevent late stage of the disease. The choice of antibiotics depends on many factors such as the stage of the disease, the drug efficacy, adverse effects, type of delivery, duration of treatment, and cost. Treatment failure occurs as a result of many reasons, re-infection is possible. The recommended treatment schedule in the Czech Republic is presented.

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“…Lastly, differences in antibiotic susceptibility also exist within a single species [5,54]: within a population of isolates individuals can slightly differ in their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents [54]. Although, these variances commonly do not exceed the critical concentrations for most substances to become ineffective [5,62,64], unfavorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic conditions in some LB patients infected with more resistant strains may explain survival of spirochetes at immuno-privileged sites during prolonged antibiotic treatment. Moreover, it has been proposed that the more difficult-to-treat chronic manifestations of LB, such as acrodermatitis and arthritis, may be associated in part with more resistant strains [11].…”

Section: Are There Clinically Relevant Differences In the Antimicrobimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know

Hunfeld

Brade

2006

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Human Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder that can progress in stages and is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Today, Lyme borreliosis is regarded as the most important human tickborne illness in the northern hemisphere. Soon after the causative agent was correctly identified and successfully isolated in 1982, antibiotic treatment was shown to be effective and since then a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to further characterize the activity of antimicrobial agents against B. burgdorferi s.l. Although many antimicrobial agents have been tested for their in vitro activity against borreliae, the full spectrum of antibiotic susceptibility in B. burgdorferi s.l. has not been defined for many compounds. Moreover, our current understanding of possible antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in B. burgdorferi s.l. is limited and is largely founded on in vitro experiments on relatively few borrelial isolates. This review will summarize what is and what is not known about antimicrobial resistance in B. burgdorferi s.l. and will discuss open questions that continue to fuel the current debate on treatment-resistant Lyme borreliosis.

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Susceptibility of Borrelia afzelii strains to antimicrobial agents

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

Lyme borreliosis treatment

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know

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