Susceptibility of apples to bruising inside ventilated corrugated paperboard packages during simulated transport damage

Fadiji, Tobi; Coetzee, C.J.; Chen, Lan; Chukwu, Ogbonnaya; Opara, Umezuruike Linus

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.04.001

Cited by 91 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Totally, the experimental modal analysis based on orthogonal polynomials method could identify the natural frequencies in the intensive vibration modes for the fresh apple and helped to understand the changes of the dynamic mechanical properties for the fruit. The natural frequencies identified in this study could provide technology supports for package design during fruit transportation to avoid the damage caused by resonance (Fadiji, Coetzee, Chen, Chukwu, & Opara, ). Moreover, vibration characteristics of fruit, like natural frequencies, are correlated with their mechanical and structural properties (Zhang, Cui, & Ying, ) and could reflect the dynamic properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prediction of Firmness and pH for “Golden Delicious” Apple Based on Elasticity Index from Modal Analysis

Hou

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Journal of Food Science

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prediction of Firmness and pH for “Golden Delicious” Apple Based on Elasticity Index from Modal Analysis

Hou

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Journal of Food Science

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“…11,50,51,57 Most of these physiological changes in fruits have been primarily caused by mechanical damage due to the experienced vibration. External damage caused by vibration stresses has been assessed visually as a percentage, 8,15,37,52 length and width of damage, 16 bruise diameter and equivalent bruise index, 10,14 bruise depth, 39 percentage decay of the modulus elasticity (PDME), 68 bruise area, bruise volume and package damage, 22 abrasion rating, 14 or a bruise score 8,33 as summarized in Table 1. This highlights that most of the studies focused on the impact on the appearance quality of the fruits subjected to vibration and shocks.…”

Section: Experimental Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,39 The vibration treatment may be for either variable durations 10,68 or controlled fixed duration. 8,22,39 Within a vibration treatment, the frequency may also vary in the range of interest 32,37 or be an identified fixed frequency 18…”

Section: Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been shown to be dependent on a range of factors. These factors include vibration frequency,8,37,79 acceleration and transmissibility,22,32,52 height and the position of the package,15,18,19,75,79 vibration duration and travel distance,14,68 suspension type or truck type,18,19 road condition and vehicle speed,20,51 and fruit depth or stack height19,39 (as summarized in…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement and evaluation of the effect of vibration on fruits in transit—Review

et al. 2018

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Mechanical vibration is a prominent cause of produce damage in many postharvest fruit supply chains. Knowledge on the causes, occurrence, and mechanistic relationship of vibration to produce damage is important for systematic development of remedial actions. This review identifies and discusses the critical factors of vibration, their implications for fruit quality, and possible improvements to addressing the issue of fruit quality deterioration. Frequently reported mechanical damage types caused by vibration on fruits are scuffing, fruit rub, and skin bruising. A wide range of factors can significantly affect the vibration intensity and thus resultant mechanical damage. Critical frequencies of vibration in the range of 0 to 10 Hz, attributed to peak energy levels in the power spectrum, cause substantial damage in fruits. Greater vertical acceleration and transmission of vibration to the higher tiers in a stacked column of packages result in increased mechanical damage. Fruit packages stacked in the rear positions of trucks are also affected more by vibration. Produce transported in leaf spring trucks has a higher risk of damage when compared with air-ride suspension trucks. Additionally increased road roughness, vehicle speed, and duration of exposure to vibration proliferate fruit damage. The effects of different inner packing methods and different package types on mechanical damage are less frequently investigated. More accurate characterization of mechanical damage caused by vibration and shocks and its reproduction by enhanced simulation methods will contribute to optimizing damage prevention mechanisms and further improving the quality of fruits in transit within the postharvest supply chain.

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“…Since the use of adequate cushions on the catching surface could reduce fruit bruising during mass harvesting, many studies were conducted on the effectiveness of cushions in minimizing fruit bruising [9,[11][12][13]21,22]. Several other studies focused on fruit bruising occurred in stacked columns of fruit during transport or bulk storage [20,23,24]. Past studies on the mass harvesting of apples also demonstrated that a significant amount of bruising is caused by impacts between fruits [6][7][8]25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact

Han

Karkee

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Comprehensive understanding of bruise damage caused by apple-to-apple impacts is beneficial to design a low-impact fruit capturing mechanism for mass (shake-and-catch) harvesting, as well as to design other fruit handling devices. This study quantified the bruising severity in ‘Jazz’ apples induced by different levels of impact upon various fruit surface locations. Impact experiments were carried out to analyze bruising patterns in three zones in a fruit surface, i.e., middle/cheek-to-top/stem, middle-to-middle and middle-to-bottom/calyx. Moving fruit and stationary fruit were impacted using a pendulum-type test device, and an equivalent drop height of fruit was calculated to provide a more practical measure for designing a catching surface. In each impact zone, seven different levels of impacts were applied respectively at seven different locations on the fruit surface. Those locations were evenly distributed along the circumferential direction in each of the three zones, and moving fruit was replaced after each impact test. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standard was then used to estimate percentages of fruit in the Extra Fancy Class 1 (no bruising), Extra Fancy (a bruising area diameter ≤ 12.7 mm) and Fresh Market (a bruising area diameter ≤ 19 mm) grades. Results showed that fruit bruising severity increased in a non-linear manner with increasing drop height. It was also found that there existed significant differences in fruit bruising severity between stationary and moving fruit under different fruit-to-fruit impact zones. The bottom zone showed the least bruising sensitivity, followed by the middle zone which was statistically similar to the same in the top zone. The results suggested that the free drop height need to be <3 cm to keep from fruit bruising caused by apple-to-apple impact at a negligible level for ‘Jazz’ apples.

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Susceptibility of apples to bruising inside ventilated corrugated paperboard packages during simulated transport damage

Cited by 91 publications

References 43 publications

Prediction of Firmness and pH for “Golden Delicious” Apple Based on Elasticity Index from Modal Analysis

Prediction of Firmness and pH for “Golden Delicious” Apple Based on Elasticity Index from Modal Analysis

Measurement and evaluation of the effect of vibration on fruits in transit—Review

Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact

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