Susceptibility of animal species to experimental SARS-CoV-2 (&lt;i&gt;Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus&lt;/i&gt;) infection

Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and formation of protective immune defense against the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.The aim of the work was to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys applying flow cytometry after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.Materials and methods. Male rhesus monkeys were intranasally inoculated with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, Isolate B strain and hCoV-19/Russia/SP48-1226/2020 strain (abbreviated name U-2), at a dose of 5.0 lg PFU. Using flow cytometry, the levels of 21 populations/subpopulations of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of animals were determined before experimental infection with the pathogen and on day 14 after infection. SARS‑CoV‑2 coronavirus RNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Determination of the titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus in the blood sera of animals was conducted through neutralization test evaluating the ability to suppress negative colonies.Results and discussion. Infection with Isolate B strain culture has led to an increase in the relative content of total T-lymphocytes (p˂0.2), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p˂0.1), as well as monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). The decrease in levels has been observed for total B-lymphocytes (p˂0.2) and T-helper cells (p˂0.1). Infection with the U-2 strain culture revealed an increase in the relative content of monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). Thus, for the first time in the Russian Federation, flow cytometry was used to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys before and after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. The obtained information can be used for studying the pathogenesis of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, course, and outcome of the disease, and developing strategies for vaccination and treatment.

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The Flow Cytometry Study of Cellular Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys after Experimental Infection with SARS CoV 2 Virus

Borisevich¹,

Кириллова²,

Shatokhina³

et al. 2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Immune reactivity of two biological models to vaccination with inactivated vaccine QazVac against coronavirus infection COVID-19

Myrzakhmetova,

Zhapparova,

Bisenbayeva

et al. 2024

Problems of Virology

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Introduction. Specific prevention of a number of infectious diseases has been introduced into the vaccination schedule. The production of immunoprophylactic drugs, in order to establish standard properties, including safety and specific effectiveness, requires strict adherence to manufacturing regulations, and the reliability of the results obtained requires monitoring of these parameters. The specific effectiveness of vaccine preparations is standardized according to the indicators of stimulation of specific antibody response formed in the body of vaccinated model biological objects. Objective. Determination of the immune reactivity of white mice to vaccination with the QazVac vaccine to establish the possibility of using them as a biological model in assessing the immunogenicity of the vaccine instead of Syrian hamsters. Materials and methods. The immune reactivity of model animals was assessed by the seroconversion rate, dynamics of antibody titers to the SARS-CoV-2 virus formed in the body after vaccination with the test vaccine. In the case of seropositivity of animals before administration of vaccine or placebo, the level of immune reactivity was calculated by the difference in antibody titers between control and vaccinated animals or by the difference in antibody titers before and after immunization. Specific antibodies were detected and their titer was determined using a neutralization reaction. Results. The research results showed that the tested biological models had approximately the same immune reactivity to the administration of the QazVac vaccine, confirmed by the level and dynamics of antibody titers. When analyzing the fold increase in antibody titers in comparison to those of control animals, Syrian hamsters were more reactive compared to mice. But SPF white mice were standardized in their lack of the immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 virus before the immunization. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the immune reactivity of white mice to the administration of the QazVac vaccine in terms of the rate and dynamics of the formation of virus-neutralizing antibodies is approximately equivalent to the immune reactivity of Syrian hamsters. Before immunization with the vaccine, SPF white mice, in contrast to Syrian hamsters, do not have humoral immunity specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The immune reactivity equivalent to that observed of Syrian hamsters and the absence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus at a baseline indicate the superiority of the use of white mice in assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines against COVID-19 and/or obtaining specific factors of humoral immunity.

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Susceptibility of animal species to experimental SARS-CoV-2 (<i>Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus</i>) infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

The Flow Cytometry Study of Cellular Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys after Experimental Infection with SARS CoV 2 Virus

The Flow Cytometry Study of Cellular Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys after Experimental Infection with SARS CoV 2 Virus

Immune reactivity of two biological models to vaccination with inactivated vaccine QazVac against coronavirus infection COVID-19

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